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Biology 102 > Chapter 31 > Flashcards

Chapter 31 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Gymnosperms are the 1st?

A

trees

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2
Q

Gymnosperms are the first trees with?

A

flying sperm (pollen)

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3
Q

Gymnosperms have are naked seeds which mean they have?

A

no protective ovary

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4
Q

Resin makes gymnosperms?

A

insect resistant

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5
Q

Gymnosperms have well developed root and stem tissues True or false?

A

True

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6
Q

Phylum coniferophyta are?

A

pine, spruce, fir, juniper, cypress, and redwood trees.

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7
Q

Phylum coniferophyta are cone bearers sure of false?

A

true

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8
Q

What is the largest tree in the world?

A

sequoia

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9
Q

Which phylum have needles for leaves?

A

coniferophyta

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10
Q

what does monoecious mean?

A

male and female cones on same tree

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11
Q

What is the oldest living organism?

A

bristlecone pine

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12
Q

True/False : cypress tress do not have air roots.

A

False they do.

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13
Q

The Pines: What develops on male cones?

A

microspores (pollen)

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14
Q

When pollen is release from that male cone what happens?

A

the male cone dies

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15
Q

The Pines: What forms on female cones?

A

Megaspores (eggs)

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16
Q

How many years does it take for the female seed to grow?

A

3 years

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17
Q

Phylum ginkgophyta contains the?

A

maidenhair tree

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18
Q

Which tree has deciduous gymnosperm?

A

The maidenhair tree

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19
Q

Who was the maidenhair tree cultivated by?

A

buddhists in china

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20
Q

Deciduous means?

A

they grow in the spring and drop in the fall

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21
Q

The Maidenhair Tree:

Male trees are cultivated and produce?

A

swimming sperm

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22
Q

The Maidenhair Tree:

Female trees produce?

A

foul smelling fruit with edible seeds

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23
Q

The Maidenhairs leaves are processed for?

A

ginkgo (circulation)

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24
Q

Phylum Cycadophyta is?

A

The cycads commonly known as Sago Palms

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25
Q

True or False: the Phylum cycadophyta is dioecious.

A

True

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26
Q

What does dioecious mean?

A

male and female plants

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27
Q

Sago plams produce?

A

strobili

28
Q

The male sago palm produces?

A

pollen bearing strobilus

29
Q

The female sago plan produces?

A

large ovule bearing strobilus (seeds can be used for food after poison cant is removed.

30
Q

Phylum Gneophyta contains?

A

Gnetophytes

31
Q

What are the common species of Gnetophytes?

A

Gnetum and Ephedra

32
Q

Gentophytes have cones that remember __________ and have similar lifecycles.

A

flowers

33
Q

Gnetophytes have advanced gymnosperms with more efficient _________ _________.

A

water transport

34
Q

Gnetum are?

A

tropical vines and shrubs with broad leaves that resemble flowering plants.

35
Q

Ephedra resemble?

A

horsetails with jointed stems.

36
Q

What is ephedra used for?

A

producing the drug ephedrine that stimulates the heart and raises blood pressure.

37
Q

Angiosperms are?

A

the flowering plants

38
Q

Phylum Anthophyta is

A

the most successful plant group due to speed of reproduction and number of seeds produced.

39
Q

What is a peduncle?

A

stem

40
Q

what is a receptacle?

A

foundation

41
Q

what are all the sepals together?

A

calyx

42
Q

What does the calyx do?

A

protects bud and supports petals

43
Q

All the petals combine are the?

A

corolla

44
Q

The corolla attracts?

A

insects with color and oder

45
Q

What does the filament do?

A

support the anther

46
Q

what is an anther?

A

site of pollen production

47
Q

what does the stigma do?

A 
secretes nectar
catches and activates pollen with nectar enzymes
style 
raises stigma
opens when ova are mature
48
Q

What does the ovary do?

A

houses ova

ova becomes seeds and ovary becomes the fruit.

49
Q

Eudicot plant compromise most of the common?

A

fruits, vegetables, and trees

50
Q

Eudicot flowers have how many petals?

A

4 or 5

51
Q

Monocot flowers have how many petals?

A

3 or 6

52
Q

Eudicot leaves have?

A

branching veins.

53
Q

Monocot leaves have?

A

parallel veins.

54
Q

Eudicot stems have the vascular bundles arranged in a _______ around the stem.

A

circle

55
Q

Monocot stems have vascular bundles arranged at ________ across the stem.

A

random

56
Q

Eudicot roots have the vascular bundles arranged in the _____ of the tap root.

A

center

57
Q

Monocot roots have vascular bundles arranged in a _____ inside the fibrous root.

A

circle

58
Q

Eudicot seed germinate with _____ cotyledons.

A

two

59
Q

monocot seeds germinate with ____ cotyledon.

A

one

60
Q

The reproductive process begins as pollen is transferred from the ____ of the stamen to the _____ of the carpel.

A

anther, stigma

61
Q

Fertilization begins as pollen is stimulated to germinate by _____ enzymes on the stigma of the carpel.

A

nectar

62
Q

A pollen tube containing _____ sperm nuclei begins to grow through the style toward the ovary.

A

two

63
Q

Fertilization is completed when one sperm nucleus fuses with an egg nucleus to form a ______ zygote.

A

diploid

64
Q

The second sperm nucleus fuses with two egg nuclei to form the _________ ________ cell.

A

triploid, endosperm

65
Q

The endosperm forms the?

A

cotyledons

Biology 102 (8 decks)

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