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Fundamentals Test 2 > Chapter 31 > Flashcards

Chapter 31 Flashcards

1
Q

The nurse is having difficulty reading a physician’s order for a medication. He or she knows that the physician is very busy and does not like to be called. What is the most appropriate next step for the nurse to take?

1 Call a pharmacist to interpret the order

2 Call the physician to have the order clarified

3 Consult the unit manager to help interpret the order

4 Ask the unit secretary to interpret the physician’s handwriting

A
  1. Call the physician to have the order clarified
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2
Q

The patient has an order for 2 tablespoons of Milk of Magnesia. How much medication does the nurse give him or her?

1 2mL

2 5mL

3 16mL

4 30mL

A

15 ml per 1 tablespoon

  1. 30ml
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3
Q

A nurse is administering eardrops to an 8-year-old patient with an ear infection. How does the nurse pull the patient’s ear when administering the medication?

1 Outward

2 Back

3 Upward and back

4 Upward and outward

A
  1. upward and back
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4
Q

A patient is to receive cephalexin (Keflex) 500mg PO. The pharmacy has sent 250-mg tablets. How many tablets does the nurse administer?

1 tablet

2 1 tablet

3 tablets

4 2 tablets

A
  1. 2 tablets
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5
Q

A nurse is administering medications to a 4-year-old patient. After he or she explains which medications are being given, the mother states, “I don’t remember my child having that medication before.” What is the nurse’s next action?

1 Give the medications

2 Identify the patient using two patient identifiers

3 Withhold the medications and verify the medication orders

4 Provide medication education to the mother to help her better understand her child’s medications.

A
  1. without the medications and verify the medication orders
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6
Q

A patient is transitioning from the hospital to the home environment. A home care referral is obtained. What is a priority in relation to safe medication administration for the discharge nurse?

1 Set up the follow-up appointments with the physician for the patient.

2 Ensure that someone will provide housekeeping for the patient at home.

3 Ensure that the home care agency is aware of medication and health teaching needs.

4 Make sure that the patient’s family knows how to safely bathe him or her and provide mouth care.

A
  1. Ensure that the home care agency is aware of medication and health teaching needs
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7
Q

A nursing student takes a patient’s antibiotic to his room. The patient asks the nursing student what it is and why he should take it. Which information does the nursing student include when replying to the patient?

1 Only the patient’s physician can give this information.

2 The student provides the name of the medication and a description of its desired effect.

3 Information about medications is confidential and cannot be shared.

4 He has to speak with his assigned nurse about this

A
  1. The student provides the name of the medication and a description of its desired effect
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8
Q

The nurse is administering a sustained-release capsule to a new patient. The patient insists that he cannot swallow pills. What is the nurse’s next best course of action?

1 Ask the prescriber to change the order

2 Crush the pill with a mortar and pestle

3 Hide the capsule in a piece of solid food

4 Open the capsule and sprinkle it over pudding

A
  1. ask the prescriber to change the order
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9
Q

The nurse takes a medication to a patient, and the patient tells him or her to take it away because she is not going to take it. What is the nurse’s next action?

1 Ask the patient’s reason for refusal

2 Explain that she must take the medication

3 Take the medication away and chart the patient’s refusal

4 Tell the patient that her physician knows what is best for her

A
  1. ask the patient’s reason for refusal
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10
Q

The nurse receives an order to start giving a loop diuretic to a patient to help lower his or her blood pressure. The nurse determines the appropriate route for administering the diuretic according to:

1 Hospital policy.

2 The prescriber’s orders.

3 The type of medication ordered.

4 The patient’s size and muscle mass.

A
  1. the prescriber’s orders
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11
Q

A patient is receiving an intravenous (IV) push medication. If the drug infiltrates into the outer tissues, the nurse:

1 Continues to let the IV run.

2 Applies a warm compress to the infiltrated site.

3 Stops the administration of the medication and follows agency policy.

4 Should not worry about this because vesicant filtration is not a problem.

A
  1. stops the administration of the medication and follows agency policy
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12
Q

If a patient who is receiving intravenous (IV) fluids develops tenderness, warmth, erythema, and pain at the site, the nurse suspects:

1 Sepsis.

2 Phlebitis.

3 Infiltration.

4 Fluid overload.

A
  1. phlebitis
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13
Q

After seeing a patient, the physician gives a nursing student a verbal order for a new medication. The nursing student first needs to:

1 Follow ISMP guidelines for safe medication abbreviations.

2 Explain to the physician that the order needs to be given to a registered nurse.

3 Write down the order on the patient’s order sheet and read it back to the physician.

4 Ensure that the six rights of medication administration are followed when giving the medication.

A
  1. explain to the physician that the order needs to be given to registered nurse
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14
Q

A nurse accidently gives a patient a medication at the wrong time. The nurse’s first priority is to:

1 Complete an occurrence report.

2 Notify the health care provider.

3 Inform the charge nurse of the error.

4 Assess the patient for adverse effects.

A
  1. assess the patient for adverse effects
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15
Q

A patient is taking albuterol through a pressurized metered-dose inhaler (pMDI) that contains a total of 200 puffs. The patient takes 2 puffs every 4 hours. How many days will the pMDI last?

___________ days

A

16

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16
Q

The nurse is having difficulty reading a physician’s order for a medication. He or she knows that the physician is very busy and does not like to be called. What is the most appropriate next step for the nurse to take?

A. Call a pharmacist to interpret the order

B. Call the physician to have the order clarified

C. Consult the unit manager to help interpret the order

D. Ask the unit secretary to interpret the physician’s handwriting

A

B. Call the physician to have the order clarified.

You must have the right documentation and clarify all orders with the prescriber before administering medications.

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17
Q

The patient has an order for 2 tablespoons of Milk of Magnesia. How much medication does the nurse give him or her?

A. 2 mL

B. 5 mL

C. 16 mL

D. 30 mL

A

d. 30 ml

1 tablespoon = 15 mL; 2 tablespoons = 30 mL.

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18
Q

A nurse is administering eardrops to an 8-year-old patient with an ear infection. How does the nurse pull the patient’s ear when administering the medication?
A. Outward

B. Back

C. Upward and back

D. Upward and outward

A

D. Upward and outward

Ear Drops are administered with the ear positioned upward and outward for patients greater than 3 years of age.

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19
Q

A patient is to receive cephalexin (Keflex) 500 mg PO. The pharmacy has sent 250-mg tablets. How many tablets does the nurse administer?
A. ½ tablet

B. 1 tablet

C. 1 ½ tablets

D. 2 tablets

A

D. 2 tablets
Using dimensional analysis:
Tablets = 1 tablet/250 mg x 500 mg = 500/250 = 2 tablets.

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20
Q

A nurse is administering medications to a 4-year-old patient. After he or she explains which medications are being given, the mother states, “I don’t remember my child having that medication before.” What is the nurse’s next action?

A. Give the medications

B. Identify the patient using two patient identifiers

C. Withhold the medications and verify the medication orders

D. Provide medication education to the mother to help her better understand her child’s medications

A

C. Withhold the medications and verify the medication orders

Do not ignore patient or caregiver concerns; always verify orders whenever a medication is questioned before administering it.

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21
Q

A patient is transitioning from the hospital to the home environment. A home care referral is obtained. What is a priority in relation to safe medication administration for the discharge nurse?
A. Set up the follow-up appointments with the physician for the patient.

B. Ensure that someone will provide housekeeping for the patient at home.

C. Ensure that the home care agency is aware of medication and health teaching needs.

D. Make sure that the patient’s family knows how to safely bathe him or her and provide mouth care.

A

C. Ensure that the home care agency is aware of medication and health teaching needs.

A nursing responsibility is to collaborate with community resources when patients have home care needs or difficulty understanding their medications.

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22
Q

A nursing student takes a patient’s antibiotic to his room. The patient asks the nursing student what it is and why he should take it. Which information does the nursing student include when replying to the patient?
A. Only the patient’s physician can give this information.

B. The student provides the name of the medication and a description of its desired effect.

C. Information about medications is confidential and cannot be shared.

D. He has to speak with his assigned nurse about this.

A

B. The student provides the name of the medication and a description of its desired effect.

Patients need to know information about their medications so they can take them correctly and safely.

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23
Q

The nurse is administering a sustained-release capsule to a new patient. The patient insists that he cannot swallow pills. What is the nurse’s next best course of action?

A. Ask the prescriber to change the order

B. Crush the pill with a mortar and pestle

C. Hide the capsule in a piece of solid food

D. Open the capsule and sprinkle it over pudding

A

A. Ask the prescriber to change the order

Enteric-coated or sustained-release capsules should not be crushed; the nurse needs to contact the prescriber to change the medication to a form that is liquid or can be crushed.

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24
Q

The nurse takes a medication to a patient, and the patient tells him or her to take it away because she is not going to take it. What is the nurse’s next action?

A. Ask the patient’s reason for refusal

B. Explain that she must take the medication

C. Take the medication away and chart the patient’s refusal

D. Tell the patient that her physician knows what is best for her

A

A. Ask the patient’s reason for refusal

When patients refuse a medication, first ask why they are refusing it.

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25
Q

The nurse receives an order to start giving a loop diuretic to a patient to help lower his or her blood pressure. The nurse determines the appropriate route for administering the diuretic according to:
A. Hospital policy.

B. The prescriber’s orders.

C. The type of medication ordered.

D. The patient’s size and muscle mass.

A

B. The prescriber’s orders

The order from the prescriber needs to indicate the route of administration.

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26
Q

A patient is receiving an intravenous (IV) push medication. If the drug infiltrates into the outer tissues, the nurse:
A. Continues to let the IV run.

B. Applies a warm compress to the infiltrated site.

C. Stops the administration of the medication and follows agency policy.

D. Should not worry about this because vesicant filtration is not a problem.

A

C. Stops the administration of the medication and follows agency policy.

When an IV medication infiltrates, stop giving the medication and follow agency policy.

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27
Q

If a patient who is receiving intravenous (IV) fluids develops tenderness, warmth, erythema, and pain at the site, the nurse suspects:

A. Sepsis.

B. Phlebitis.

C. Infiltration.

D. Fluid overload.

A

B. Phlebitis

Redness, warmth, and tenderness at the IV site are signs of phlebitis.

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28
Q

After seeing a patient, the physician gives a nursing student a verbal order for a new medication. The nursing student first needs to:

A. Follow ISMP guidelines for safe medication abbreviations.

B. Explain to the physician that the order needs to be given to a registered nurse.

C. Write down the order on the patient’s order sheet and read it back to the physician.

D. Ensure that the six rights of medication administration are followed when giving the medication.

A

B. Explain to the physician that the order needs to be given to a registered nurse.

Students can not take orders.

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29
Q

A nurse accidentally gives a patient a medication at the wrong time. The nurse’s first priority is to:

A. Complete an occurrence report.

B. Notify the health care provider.

C. Inform the charge nurse of the error.

D. Assess the patient for adverse effects.

A

D. Assess the patient for adverse effects.

Patient safety and assessing the patient are priorities when a medication error occurs.

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30
Q

Briefly summarize the Federal Government role in the regulation of medications

A

The federal government protects the health of the people by ensuring that medications are safe and effective. Currently, the food and drug administration ensures that all medications

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31
Q

Briefly summarize the State Governments role in the regulation of medications

A

The state governments conform to federal legislation but also have additional controls such as alcohol and tobacco

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32
Q

Briefly summarize the Health Care Institutions role in the regulation of medications.

A

Health care institutions have individual policies to meet federal and state regulations

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33
Q

Briefly summarize the nurse practice act role in the regulation of medications.

A

The nurse practice act defines the scope of a nurse’s professional functions and responsibilities

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34
Q

Define Chemical Name

A

a chemical name provides an exact description of the mediation’s composition and molecular structure

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35
Q

Define Generic name

A

A generic name is created by the manufacturer who first develops the medication; this becomes the offical name

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36
Q

Define Trade name

A

The trade name is one that the manufacturer ha trademarked to identify the particular version they manufacture.

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37
Q

A medication classification indicates______.

A

the effect of the medication on a body system, the symptoms the medication relieves, or the mediation’s desired effect

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38
Q

The form of the medication determines its:__

A

its route of administration

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39
Q

Pharmacokinetics is

A

the study of how medications enter the body, reach their site of action, metabolize, and exit the body

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40
Q

Define Absorption

A

refers to the passage of medication molecules into the blood from the site of administration

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41
Q

Identify the 5 factors that influence drug absorption

A
  1. Route of administration
  2. Ability of the medication to dissolve
  3. Blood flow to the site of administration
  4. Body surface area
  5. Lipid solubility
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42
Q

Identify the 5 factors that affect the rate and extent of medication distribution

A 
A.  Circulation
B.  Membrane permeability
C.  Protein binding
D.  Metabolism
E.  Excretion
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43
Q

Explain the role of metabolism

A

After a medication reaches its site of action, it becomes metabolized into a less active or inactive form that is easier to excrete

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44
Q

Identify the primary organ for drug excretion

A

The kidneys are the primary organ excretion,

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45
Q

Explain what happens if the primary organ for drug excretion declines

A

When renal function declines, a patient is at risk for medication toxicity

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46
Q

Define Therapeutic effects

A

therapeutic effects are the expected or predictable physiological response to a medication

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47
Q

Is therapeutic effects a predicted or unintended effect of drugs

A

Predictable response

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48
Q

Define side effects

A

Are predictable and often unavoidable secondary effects a medication predictably will cause

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49
Q

Is side effects a predicted or unintended effect of drugs

A

Predictable and sometimes unavoidable

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50
Q

Define Adverse Effects

A

Are unintended, undesirable and often unpredictable severe responses to medication

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51
Q

Is adverse effects a predicted or unintended effect of drugs

A

Unintended, undesirable and often unpredictable

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52
Q

Define Toxic Effects

A

Develop after prolonged intake of a medication or when a medication accumulates in the blood because of impaired metabolism or excretion

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53
Q

Is toxic effects a predicted or unintended effect of drugs?

A

unintended

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54
Q

Define Idiosyncratic reactions

A

are unpredictable effects in which a patient overreacts or under reacts to a medication or has a reaction that is different from normal

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55
Q

Is Idiosyncratic reactions a predicted or unintended effect of drugs?

A

unpredictable

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56
Q

Define allergic reactions

A

are unpredictable responses to a medication

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57
Q

Are allergic reactions a predicted or unintended effect of drugs

A

unpredictable

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58
Q

Define Anaphylactic reactions

A

are allergic reactions that are life threatening and characterized by sudden constriction of bronchial muscles, edema of the pharynx and larynx and severe wheezing and shortness of breath

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59
Q

Are anaphylactic reactions a predicted or unintended effect of drugs

A

unintended

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60
Q

Define Medication interaction

A

occurs when one medication modifies the action of another medication; it may alter the way another medication is absorbed, metabolized, or eliminated from the body

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61
Q

Are medication interaction a predicted or unintended effect of drugs

A

unintended

62
Q

Define Synergistic effect

A

is when the combine effect of the two medications is greater than the effect of the medications when given separately

63
Q

Are synergistic effect a predicted or unintended effect of drugs

A

both

64
Q

Define Minimum effective concentration (MEC)

A

is the plasma level of a medication below which the medication’s effect will not occur

65
Q

Define Peak concentration

A

is the highest serum level concentration

66
Q

Define trough concentration

A

is the lowest serum level concentration

67
Q

Define Biological half-life

A

is the time it takes for excretion processes to lower the serum medication concentration by half

68
Q

Identify the three types of oral routes

A
  1. oral
  2. buccal
  3. sublingual
69
Q

List the four major sites for parenteral injections

A
  1. Intradermal
  2. Subcutaneous
  3. Intramuscular
  4. Intravenous
70
Q

Define Epidural

A

are administered in the epidural space via a catheter, usually used for postoperative analgesia

71
Q

Define Intrathecal

A

is via a catheter that is in the subarachnoid space or one of the ventricles of the brain

72
Q

Define Intraosseous

A

is an infusion of medication that is administered directly into the bone marrow; it is commonly used in infants and toddlers

73
Q

Define Intraperitoneal

A

such as chemotherapeutic agents, insulin and antibiotics are administered into the peritoneal cavity

74
Q

Define Intrapleural

A

commonly chemotherapeutics, are administered directly into the pleural space

75
Q

Define Intraaterial

A

are administered directly into the arteries

76
Q

Define Intracardiac

A

Are injected directly into he cardiac tissue

77
Q

Define Intraarticular

A

are injected into a joint

78
Q

Identify 5 methods for applying medications to mucous membranes

A
  1. directly applying a liquid or ointment
  2. Inserting a medication into a body cavity
  3. Instilling fluid into a body cavity
  4. Irrigating a body cavity
  5. Spraying
79
Q

Identify the benefit of the inhalation route

A

inhaled medications are readily absorbed and work rapidly because of the rich vascular alveolar capillary network present in the pulmonary tissue.

80
Q

Identify the 3 types of measurements used in medication therapy

A
  1. Metric
  2. Apothecary
  3. Household
81
Q

a solution is

A

a given mass of solid substance dissolved in an known volume of fluid or a given volume of liquid dissolved in a known volume of another fluid

82
Q

Write out the formula used to determine the correct dose when preparing solid or liquid forms of medications

A

dose ordered/dose on hand x amount on hand = amount to administer

83
Q

Define a verbal order

A

if a medication order is given by the physician to the nurse

84
Q

Define a standing order

A

is also known as a routine order is carried out until the prescriber cancels it by another order or until a prescribed number of days elapse

85
Q

Define a prn order

A

is a medication that is given only when a patient requires it

86
Q

Define a single (one-time) order

A

is given only once at a specified time

87
Q

Define STAT order

A

describes a single dose of a medication to be given immediately and only once

88
Q

Define now order

A

is used when a patient needs a medication quickly but not right away; the nurse has up to 90 minutes to administer

89
Q

List the two medication distribution systems

A
  1. Unit Dose

2. Automated medication dispensing systems (AMDS)

90
Q

Identify the 5 common medication errors that can cause patient harm

A
  1. Inaccurate prescribing
  2. Administration of the wrong medicine
  3. Giving the medication using the wrong route or time interval
  4. Administering extra doses
  5. Failing to administer a medication
91
Q

Identify the 4 process for medication reconciliation

A
  1. Verify
  2. Clarify
  3. Reconcile
  4. Transmit
92
Q

Lis the six rights of medication administration

A
  1. The right medication
  2. The right dose
  3. The right patient
  4. The right route
  5. The right time
  6. The right documentation
93
Q

Briefly summarize the 8 the patient care partnership related to medication administration

A
  1. Be informed of the medication’s name, purpose, action, and potential undesired effects.
  2. refuse a medication regardless of the consequences.
  3. Have qualified nurses or physicians assess a medication history
  4. Be properly advised of the experimental nature of medication therapy and give written consent.
  5. Receive labeled medications safely without discomfort
  6. Receive appropriate supportive therapy.
  7. Not receive unnecessary medications.
  8. Be informed if medications are a part of a research study.
94
Q

Identify the 9 areas the nurse needs to assess to determine the need for and potential response to mediation therapy

A
  1. history
  2. history of allergies
  3. medication data
  4. diet history
  5. Patient’s perceptual coordination problems
  6. patient’s current condition
  7. patient’s attitude about medication use
  8. patients knowledge and understanding of medication therapy
  9. Patient’s learning needs
95
Q

Identify 7 of the potential nursing dx used during the administration of medications

A
  1. Anxiety
  2. Ineffective health maintenance
  3. readiness for enhanced immunization status
  4. deficient knowledge
  5. Noncompliance
  6. Effective therapeutic regimen management
  7. Impaired swallowing
96
Q

Identify the outcomes for a patient with newly dx type 2 diabetes

A
  1. will verbalize understanding of desired effects and adverse effects of medications
  2. will state signs, symptoms, and treatment of hypoglycemia.
  3. will monitor blood sugar to determine if medication is appropriate to take
  4. Will establish a daily routine that will coordinate timing of medication with meal times
97
Q

Identify 4 factors that can influence the patients compliance with the medication regimen

A
  1. health beliefs
  2. personal motivations
  3. Socioeconomic factors
  4. habits
98
Q

Identify the 7 components of medication orders

A
  1. Patients full name
  2. Date and time that the order is written
  3. Medication name
  4. Dose
  5. Route of administration
  6. time and frequency of administration
  7. Signature of provider
99
Q

5 things needed for the recording of medication

A
  1. The name of the medication
  2. Dose
  3. Route
  4. Exact time of administration
  5. Site
100
Q

Explain the reason why polypharmacy happens to a patient

A

When patients need to take several medications to treat their illnesses, take two or more medications from the same chemical class, use two or more medications supplements or herbal products with medications, polypharmacy happens

101
Q

Identify two goals for safe and effective medication administration

A
  1. a patient responds to therapy

2. Patient has the ability to assume responsibility for self-care.

102
Q

identify 10 precautions to take when administering any oral preparation to prevent aspiration

A
  1. determine the patient’s ability to swallow and cough and check for gag reflex.
  2. prepare oral medications in the form that is easiest to swallow.
  3. allow the patient to self-administer medications if possible.
  4. If the patient has unilateral weakness, place the medication in the stronger side of the mouth.
  5. administer pills one at a time, ensuring that each medication is properly swallowed before the next one is introduced.
  6. thicken regular liquids or offer fruit nectars if the patient cannot tolerate thin liquids
  7. Avoid straws because they decrease the control the patient has over volume intake, which increases the risk of aspiration.
  8. have the patient hold the cup and drink it if possible.
  9. Time medications to coincide with meal times or when the patient is well rested and awake if possible.
  10. administer medications using another route if risk of aspiration is severe.
103
Q

Identify the 5 guidelines to ensure safe administration of transdermal or topical medications

A
  1. Document where the medication was placed in the MAR.
    2 Assess if patient has an existing patch before application
  2. Medication history and reconciling medications
  3. Apply a noticeable label to the patch
  4. Document removal of medication on the MAR
104
Q

the most common form of nasal instillation is?

A

Decongestant spray or drops

105
Q

List 4 principles for administering eye instillations

A
  1. Avoid instilling any eye medication directly onto the cornea.
  2. Avoid touching the eyelids or other eye.
  3. Use medication only for the patients affected eye
  4. never allow a patient to use another patient’s eye medications
106
Q

Failure to instill ear drops at room temperature causes (3)

A
  1. Vertigo
  2. Dizziness
  3. Nausea
107
Q

Vaginal medications are available as (4)

A
  1. Suppositories
  2. Foam
  3. Jellies
  4. Creams
108
Q

Rectal suppositories are used for

A

Exerting local effects (promoting defecation) or systemic effects (reducing nausea)

109
Q

explain what pressurized metered-dose inhalers (pMDIs) are

A

Delivers a measured dose of medication with each push of a canister often used with a spacer

110
Q

Explain what breath-actuated metered-dose inhalers (BAIs)

A

releases medication when a patient raises a level and then inhales

111
Q

Explain dry powder inhalers (DPIs)

A

Hold dry, powdered medication and create an aerosol when the patient inhales through a reservoir that contains the medication

112
Q

Identify the 4 aseptic techniques to use to prevent an infection during an injection

A
  1. Draw medication from ampule quickly; do not allow it to stand open
  2. avoid letting the needle touch contaminated surface.
  3. Avoid touching the length of the plunger or inner part of the barrel
  4. Prepare the skin, use friction and a circular motion while cleaning with an antiseptic swab, and start from the center and move outward
113
Q

Identify the factors that must be considered when selecting a needle for an injection (2)

A
  1. the patient’s size and weight

2. Type of tissue into which the medication is to be injected

114
Q

Describe ampule

A

contain single doses of medications in a liquid

115
Q

Describe vial

A

A single dose or multi-dose container with a rubber seal at the top (closed system)

116
Q

List the 3 principles to follow when mixing medications from two vials

A
  1. Do not contaminate one medication with another.
  2. Ensure that the final dose is accurate
  3. Maintain aseptic technique
117
Q

Insulin is classified by

A

Rate of action (rapid, short, intermediate and long acting) each has a different onset, peak, and duration of action

118
Q

Identify the principles to follow when mixing two types of insulin in the same syringe (5)

A
  1. Need to maintain their individual routine when preparing and administrating their insulin
  2. Do not mix insulin with any other medication or diluents
  3. Never mix insulin glargine or insulin detemir with other types of insulin
  4. Inject rapid-actin insulin mixed with NPH within other types of insulin
  5. Verify insulin dosages with another nurse while preparing them.
119
Q

List the techniques used to minimize patient discomfort that is associated with injections (8)

A
  1. Use a sharp beveled needle in the smallest suitable length and gauge.
  2. Position the patient as comfortably as possible to reduce muscle tension
  3. select the proper injection site.
  4. apply a vapocoolant spray or topical anesthetic to the site if possible.
  5. divert the patient’s attention from the injection
  6. insert the needle quickly and smoothly
  7. Hold the syringe while the needle remains in tissue.
  8. Inject the medication slowly and steadily
120
Q

Identify the best sites for subcutaneous injections

A
  1. The outer posterior aspect of the upper arm
  2. the abdomen (below the costal margins to the iliac crests)
  3. The anterior aspects of the thighs
121
Q

What is the maximum amount of water-soluble medication given by the subcutaneous route

A

0.5 to 1 ml

122
Q

What angles should be used when administering a subcutaneous injection with which needle should they be used (2)

A
  1. 25 gauge, 5/8 inch needle inserted at a 45 degree angle

2. 1/2 inch needle inserted at a 90 degree angle

123
Q

What is the angle of insertion for an intramuscular (IM) injection

A

90 degrees

124
Q

Indicate the maximum volume of medication for an IM injection in well-developed adults

A

2 to 5 ml into a large muscle

125
Q

Indicate the maximum volume of medication for an IM injection in Vastus Lateralis

A

2 ml

126
Q

Indicate the maximum volume of medication for an IM injection in Deltoid

A

1 ml

127
Q

Explain the rationale for the Z-track method in IM injections

A

minimizes local skin irritation by sealing the medication into the tissue

128
Q

Explain the rationale for intradermal injections

A

skin testing, injected into the dermis where medication is absorbed slowly

129
Q

List the 3 methods a nurse can use to administer medications intravenously

A
  1. as mixtures within large volumes of IV fluids
  2. Injection of a bolus or small volume of medication
  3. Piggyback infusion
130
Q

Identify the 3 advantages of the intravenous (IV) route of administration

A
  1. fast-acting medications must be delivered quickly
  2. it provides constant therapeutic blood levels
  3. it can be used when medications are highly alkaline and irritating to the muscle and subcutaneous tissue
131
Q

The 2 disadvantages of IV bolus medications are

A
  1. It is the most dangerous method because there is no time to correct errors.
  2. A bolus may cause direct irritation to the lining of blood vessels
132
Q

List the 3 advantages of using volume-controlled infusions

A
  1. They reduce the risk of rapid infusion by IV push
  2. They allow for administration of medications that are stable for a limited time in solution
  3. They allow for control of IV fluid intake.
133
Q

what is a piggyback set

A

a small (25 to 250 ml) IV bag connected to short tubing line that connects to the upper Y port of a primary infusion line

134
Q

What is a volume-control administration set

A

a small (50 to 150 ml) container that attaches below the primary infusion line

135
Q

What is a mini-infusion pump

A

a battery-operated machine that allows medications to be given in very small amounts of fluid (5 to 60ml)

136
Q

List the 5 advantages of using intermittent venous access devices

A
  1. cost saving
  2. Convenience
  3. Increased mobility
  4. Safety
  5. Patient Comfort
137
Q

The study of how drugs enter the body, reach their sites of action are metabolized, and exit from the body is called:

  1. Pharmacology
  2. Pharmacopoeia
  3. Pharmacokinetics
  4. Biopharmaceutical
A
  1. Pharmacokinetics
138
Q

Which statement correctly characterizes drug absorption?

  1. Most drugs must enter the systemic circulation to have a therapeutic effect
  2. Oral medications are absorbed more quickly when administered with meals
  3. Mucous membranes are relatively impermeable to chemicals, making absorption slow
  4. Drugs administered subcutaneously are absorbed more quickly than those injected intramuscularly
A
  1. absorption refers to the passage of medication molecules into the blood fr the site of administration
139
Q

The onset of drug action is the time it takes for a drug to:

  1. Produce a response
  2. Accelerate the cellular process
  3. Reach its highest effective concentration
  4. Produce blood serum concentration and maintenance
A
  1. definition of onset to produce a response
140
Q

which of the following is not a parenteral route of administration

  1. buccal
  2. Intradermal
  3. Intramuscular
  4. Subcutaneous
A
  1. an oral route Buccal
141
Q

Using the body surface area formula, what does of drug X should a child who weighs 12kg (body surface area =0.54m2) receive if the normal adult dose of drug X is 300 mg.

  1. 50mg
  2. 90mg
  3. 100mg
  4. 200 mg
A
  1. childs dose = surface of child/1.7m2 x normal adult dose
142
Q

The nurse is preparing an insulin injection in which both regular and NPH will be mixed. Into which vial should the nurse inject air first.

  1. the vial of regular insulin
  2. the vial of NPH
  3. Either vial, as long as modified insulin in drawn up first
  4. Neither vial: it is not necessary to put air into vials before withdrawing medication
A
  1. if mixing rapid- or - short-acting insulin with intermediate - or long-acting insulin, take the insulin syringe and aspirate a volume of air equivalent to the dose of insulin to be withdrawn from the long-acting insulin first.
143
Q

Of the following names which is most often seen by the nurse:

  1. Chemical name
  2. Generic name
  3. Trade name
A

Generic name

Trade name

144
Q

Drug Classifications can be classified by:
1. Effect on the body system
2 Chemical composition
3. Clinical indication or therapeutic action
4. Trade name

A

Effect on the body system
Chemical composition
Clinical indication or therapeutic action

145
Q

Define serum half-life

A

time for serum medication concentration to be halved

146
Q

What are the 3 checks for reading the label

A
  1. As you reach for the medication
  2. before opening or pouring the medication
  3. as you replace the med to drawer and before giving to the patient
147
Q

Can topical administration of medications be only skin

A

No, it can be vaginal, rectal, instillation, irrigation, and skin

148
Q

What is the preferred site for infants

A

vastus lateralis

149
Q

Which of the following is not part of the syringe and needle:

  1. bevel
  2. shaft
  3. gauge number
  4. hub
  5. alcohol swap
A

alcohol swap is not part of the syringe and needle

150
Q

what are the 6 controlled substance regulations

A
  1. name of patient receiving narcotic
  2. Amount of narcotic used
  3. The hour narcotic was given
  4. The name of physician prescribing narcotic
  5. Name of the nurse administering narcotic
  6. Process if medication is wasted

Fundamentals Test 2 (6 decks)

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