Chapter 30: Plant Diversity II

Question 1

Embryo sac

Answer 1

The female gametophyte of angiosperms, formed from the growth and division of the megaspore into a multicellular structure that typically has eight haploid nuclei.

Question 2

Seed

Answer 2

An adaptation of some terrestrial plants consisting of an embryo with a store of food within a protective coat.

Question 3

Magnoliid

Answer 3

A member of the angiosperm clade that is most closely related to the combined eudicot and monocot clades.

Question 4

Gymnosperm

Answer 4

A vascular plant that bears naked seeds, seeds not enclosed in protective chambers.

Question 5

Pollination

Answer 5

The transfer of pollen to the part of a seed plant containing the ovules, a process required for fertilization.

Question 6

Endosperm

Answer 6

In angiosperms, a nutrient-rich tissue formed by the union of a sperm with two polar nuclei during double fertilization. It provides nourishment to the developing embryo in angiosperm seeds.

Question 7

Pollinator

Answer 7

An organism that spreads the pollen of an angiosperm.

Question 8

Micropyle

Answer 8

A pore in the integuments of an ovule.

Question 9

Pollen tube

Answer 9

Forms after germination of the pollen grain and functions in the delivery of sperm to the ovule.

Question 10

Basal angiosperm

Answer 10

A member of one of three clades of early-diverging lineages of extant flowering plants.

Question 11

Gnetophyta

Answer 11

The gymnosperm phylum that includes three genera: Gnetum, Ephedra, and Welwitschia.

Question 12

Integument

Answer 12

Layer of sporophyte tissue that contributes to the structure of an ovule of a seed plant.

Question 13

Cotyledon

Answer 13

A seed leaf of an angiosperm embryo. Some species have only one, and others two.

Question 14

Coniferophyta

Answer 14

Largest gymnosperm phylum consisting of cone-bearing plants.

Question 15

Gingkophyta

Answer 15

The gymnosperm phylum with only one surviving species.

Question 16

Pollen grain

Answer 16

In seed plants, a structure consisting of the male gametophyte enclosed within a pollen wall.

Question 17

Anthophyta

Answer 17

The phylum of angiosperms.

Question 18

Seed coat

Answer 18

A tough outer covering of a seed, formed from the outer coat of an ovule. In a flowering plant, it encloses and protects the embryo and endosperm.

Question 19

Archaefructus

Answer 19

Early fossil of larger flowering plant structures discovered in China in rocks that are about 125 million years old.

Question 20

Double fertilization

Answer 20

A mechanism of fertilization in angiosperms in which two sperm cells unite with two cells in the female gametophyte (embryo sac) to form the zygote and endosperm.

Question 21

Cycadophyta

Answer 21

The gymnosperm phylum of 300 species that have large cones, palmlike leaves, and flagellated sperm.

Question 22

Ovary

Answer 22

In flowers, the portion of a carpel in which the egg-containing ovules develop.

Question 23

Monocot

Answer 23

A member of a clade consisting of flowering plants that have one embryonic seed lead, or cotyledon.

Question 24

Ovule

Answer 24

A structure that develops within the ovary of a seed plant and contains the female gametophyte.

Question 25

Eudicot

Answer 25

A member of a clade that contains the vast majority of flowering plants that have two embryonic seed leaves, or cotyledons.