Chapter 30 Key Terms

Question 1

Acromegaly

Answer 1

the drug from leaking into the subcutaneous tissue and causing irritation.

Question 2

Addison’s Disease

Answer 2

A condition in which the adrenal glands fail to produce enough corticosteroids.

Question 3

Adrenocortropic hormone

Answer 3

Hormone that stimulates the adrenal cortex to release its hormones.

Question 4

Antidiuretic Hormone

Answer 4

A hormone that increases water reabsorption, which decreases urine production and helps to maintain blood pressure.

Question 5

Calcitonin

Answer 5

A hormone produced by the thyroid gland that lowers blood calcium levels by activating osteoblasts.

Question 6

Cortisol

Answer 6

A steroid hormone that is released when a person is stressed. It decreases protein synthesis.

Question 7

Cushing’s Disease

Answer 7

A condition in which a person produces too much cortisol or has used too many steroid hormones. Some of the signs and symptoms include buffalo hump obesity, a moon face, and abdominal stretch marks; also called hypercortisolism.

Question 8

Diabetes Insipidus

Answer 8

to hyposecretion of ADH so that water is not retained by the kidney.

Question 9

Diabetes Mellitus

Answer 9

elevated level of glucose in the blood, caused by a deficiency of insulin or insulin resistance at the cellular level.

Question 10

Dwarfism

Answer 10

A condition in which too little growth hormone is produced, resulting in an abnormally small stature.

Question 11

Epinephrine

Answer 11

A hormone secreted from the adrenal glands. It increases heart rate, breathing rate, and blood pressure.

Question 12

Exophthalmos

Answer 12

Bulging of the eyeballs, often related to hyperthyroidism.

Question 13

feedback Loop

Answer 13

A mechanism to control hormone levels. The two types are positive and negative feedback loops.

Question 14

Gigantism

Answer 14

A condition in which too much growth hormone is produced in childhood, resulting in an abnormally increased stature.

Question 15

Glucagon

Answer 15

A hormone that increases glucose concentrations in the bloodstream and slows down protein synthesis.

Question 16

Goiter

Answer 16

Enlargement of the thyroid gland, which causes swelling of the neck often related to iodine insufficiency in the diet.

Question 17

Gonads

Answer 17

The reproductive organs; namely, in women, the ovaries, and in men, the testes.

Question 18

G-Protein

Answer 18

A substance that causes enzymes in the cell to activate following the activation of the hormonereceptor complex in the cell membrane.

Question 19

Graves’s Disease

Answer 19

A disorder in which a person develops antibodies that attack the thyroid gland.

Question 20

Growth Hormone

Answer 20

A hormone that stimulates an increase in the size of the muscles and bones of the body.

Question 21

Hormone

Answer 21

A chemical secreted by a cell that affects the functions of other cells.

Question 22

Insulin

Answer 22

A hormone that regulates the amount of sugar in the blood by facilitating its entry into the cells.

Question 23

Islets of Langerhans

Answer 23

Structures in the pancreas that secrete insulin and glucagon into the bloodstream.

Question 24

Melannocye-stimulating Hormone

Answer 24

A hormone released from the anterior pituitary to stimulate melanin production in the skin’s epidermal cells.

Question 25

Melatonin

Answer 25

A hormone that helps to regulate circadian rhythms.

Question 26

Myxedema

Answer 26

A severe type of hypothyroidism that is most common in women older than the age of 50.

Question 27

Nonsteroidal hormone

Answer 27

A type of hormone made of amino acids and proteins.

Question 28

Optic Chiasm

Answer 28

A structure located at the base of the brain where parts of the optic nerves cross. It carries visual information to the brain.

Question 29

Parathyroid Glands

Answer 29

Four small glands embedded in the posterior thyroid gland that secrete parathyroid hormone (PTH) ; also known as parathormone.

Question 30

Pineal Body

Answer 30

A small gland located between the cerebral hemispheres that secretes melatonin.

Question 31

Prolactin

Answer 31

A hormone that stimulates milk production in the mammary glands.

Question 32

Proximal Convoluted Tubule

Answer 32

The portion of the renal tubule that is directly attached to the glomerular capsule and becomes the loop of Henle.

Question 33

renal Sinus

Answer 33

The medial depression of a kidney.

Question 34

Steroidal Hormone

Answer 34

A hormone derived from steroids that are soluble in lipids and can cross cell membranes very easily.

Question 35

Stressor

Answer 35

Any stimulus that produces stress.

Question 36

Thymosin

Answer 36

A hormone that promotes the production of certain lymphocytes.

Question 37

Thymus Gland

Answer 37

A gland that lies between the lungs. It secretes a hormone called thymosin.

Question 38

Thyroid Hormone

Answer 38

A hormone produced by the thyroid gland that increases energy production, stimulates protein synthesis, and speeds up the repair of damaged tissue.

Question 39

Thyriod-stimulating Hormone

Answer 39

A hormone that stimulates the thyroid gland to release its hormone.

Question 40

Urea

Answer 40

Waste product formed by the breakdown of proteins and nucleic acids.