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Medical Assisting Chapter 30 Key Terms > Chapter 30 Key Terms > Flashcards

Chapter 30 Key Terms Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Acromegaly

A

the drug from leaking into the subcutaneous tissue and causing irritation.

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2
Q

Addison’s Disease

A

A condition in which the adrenal glands fail to produce enough corticosteroids.

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3
Q

Adrenocortropic hormone

A

Hormone that stimulates the adrenal cortex to release its hormones.

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4
Q

Antidiuretic Hormone

A

A hormone that increases water reabsorption, which decreases urine production and helps to maintain blood pressure.

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5
Q

Calcitonin

A

A hormone produced by the thyroid gland that lowers blood calcium levels by activating osteoblasts.

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6
Q

Cortisol

A

A steroid hormone that is released when a person is stressed. It decreases protein synthesis.

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7
Q

Cushing’s Disease

A

A condition in which a person produces too much cortisol or has used too many steroid hormones. Some of the signs and symptoms include buffalo hump obesity, a moon face, and abdominal stretch marks; also called hypercortisolism.

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8
Q

Diabetes Insipidus

A

to hyposecretion of ADH so that water is not retained by the kidney.

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9
Q

Diabetes Mellitus

A

elevated level of glucose in the blood, caused by a deficiency of insulin or insulin resistance at the cellular level.

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10
Q

Dwarfism

A

A condition in which too little growth hormone is produced, resulting in an abnormally small stature.

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11
Q

Epinephrine

A

A hormone secreted from the adrenal glands. It increases heart rate, breathing rate, and blood pressure.

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12
Q

Exophthalmos

A

Bulging of the eyeballs, often related to hyperthyroidism.

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13
Q

feedback Loop

A

A mechanism to control hormone levels. The two types are positive and negative feedback loops.

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14
Q

Gigantism

A

A condition in which too much growth hormone is produced in childhood, resulting in an abnormally increased stature.

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15
Q

Glucagon

A

A hormone that increases glucose concentrations in the bloodstream and slows down protein synthesis.

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16
Q

Goiter

A

Enlargement of the thyroid gland, which causes swelling of the neck often related to iodine insufficiency in the diet.

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17
Q

Gonads

A

The reproductive organs; namely, in women, the ovaries, and in men, the testes.

18
Q

G-Protein

A

A substance that causes enzymes in the cell to activate following the activation of the hormonereceptor complex in the cell membrane.

19
Q

Graves’s Disease

A

A disorder in which a person develops antibodies that attack the thyroid gland.

20
Q

Growth Hormone

A

A hormone that stimulates an increase in the size of the muscles and bones of the body.

21
Q

Hormone

A

A chemical secreted by a cell that affects the functions of other cells.

22
Q

Insulin

A

A hormone that regulates the amount of sugar in the blood by facilitating its entry into the cells.

23
Q

Islets of Langerhans

A

Structures in the pancreas that secrete insulin and glucagon into the bloodstream.

24
Q

Melannocye-stimulating Hormone

A

A hormone released from the anterior pituitary to stimulate melanin production in the skin’s epidermal cells.

25
Q

Melatonin

A

A hormone that helps to regulate circadian rhythms.

26
Q

Myxedema

A

A severe type of hypothyroidism that is most common in women older than the age of 50.

27
Q

Nonsteroidal hormone

A

A type of hormone made of amino acids and proteins.

28
Q

Optic Chiasm

A

A structure located at the base of the brain where parts of the optic nerves cross. It carries visual information to the brain.

29
Q

Parathyroid Glands

A

Four small glands embedded in the posterior thyroid gland that secrete parathyroid hormone (PTH) ; also known as parathormone.

30
Q

Pineal Body

A

A small gland located between the cerebral hemispheres that secretes melatonin.

31
Q

Prolactin

A

A hormone that stimulates milk production in the mammary glands.

32
Q

Proximal Convoluted Tubule

A

The portion of the renal tubule that is directly attached to the glomerular capsule and becomes the loop of Henle.

33
Q

renal Sinus

A

The medial depression of a kidney.

34
Q

Steroidal Hormone

A

A hormone derived from steroids that are soluble in lipids and can cross cell membranes very easily.

35
Q

Stressor

A

Any stimulus that produces stress.

36
Q

Thymosin

A

A hormone that promotes the production of certain lymphocytes.

37
Q

Thymus Gland

A

A gland that lies between the lungs. It secretes a hormone called thymosin.

38
Q

Thyroid Hormone

A

A hormone produced by the thyroid gland that increases energy production, stimulates protein synthesis, and speeds up the repair of damaged tissue.

39
Q

Thyriod-stimulating Hormone

A

A hormone that stimulates the thyroid gland to release its hormone.

40
Q

Urea

A

Waste product formed by the breakdown of proteins and nucleic acids.

Medical Assisting Chapter 30 Key Terms (1 decks)

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