Chapter 30-32

Question 1

List the features exhibited by pterophytes

Answer 1

Large sporophyte with vascular tissue. Roots, stems and leaves (finds).

Gametophyte generation is small and lacks vascular tissue.

Question 2

Explain features that differentiate lycophytes from bryophytes

Answer 2

L: Basal to all other vascular plants, tracheid-based vascular tissues, reproductive cycle is like that to of other vascular plants, lack vascularized leaves

Question 3

Analyze the claim that roots, stems, and leaves are evolutionary innovations unique to tracheophytes

Answer 3

Protect and nourish embryos

Question 4

Explain the evolutionary significance of tracheids

Answer 4

Enable efficient delivery of water and nutrients throughout the organism

Question 5

Describe adaptations of bryophytes for terrestrial environments

Answer 5

Mosses: rhizoids to anchor the moss body and to absorb water, and water conducting tissues.
Hornworts: development of stomata that can open and close to regulate gas exchange

Question 6

Why are bryophytes small?

Answer 6

Lacking a full vascular system, use diffusion

Question 7

What are stromat?

Answer 7

Tiny mouth shaped openings that allows gas diffusion in and out of plant

Question 8

Identify two major environmental challenges for land plants and associated adaptations

Answer 8

Available water- lose water to air, waxy cuticle on exposed surface, impermeable

Uv irradiation - diploid and haploid generations, dominant diploid allows greater genetic variation

Question 9

Distinguish between a sporophyte and a gametophyte

Answer 9

S: Produce haploid spores by meiosis
G: Produce haploid gametes by mitosis

Question 10

Is the gametophyte or sporophyte generation dominant in;

Vascular
Non vascular

Plants

Answer 10

V- sporophyte is dominant generation

Non V - gametophyte is dominant generation

Question 11

Describe the haplodiplontic life cycle

Answer 11

Hapoid form alternates with a diploid form in a single organism

Question 12

Evolutionary advantage of seed

Answer 12

1. A seed develops from the whole ovule. 2. A seed is a sporophyte embryo, along w/ its food supply, packaged in a protective coat. 3. Seeds provide advantages over spores. Ex: seeds may remain dormant for days to years until conditions are favorable for germination. Seeds maybe transported long distances by wind or animals

Question 13

Advantage of pollen

Answer 13

the transfer of pollen to the part of a seed plant containing the ovules. Pollen eliminates the need for a film of water and can be dispersed great distances by air or animals

Question 14

What are the characteristics of Gymnosperm

Answer 14

1. produces naked seeds
2. they have needle-like or skalelike leaves
3. they have deep growing root systems

Question 15

Four groups of living gymnosperms.

Answer 15

Coniferophytes

Cycadophytes

Gnetophytes

Ginkogophytes

Question 16

What are cycads mistaken for?

Answer 16

Palms, they are not.

Question 17

Defining features of angiosperms.

Answer 17

1. produce flowers and seeds enclosed in fruits

2. seed plant

Question 18

What is a Monocot?

Answer 18

1. seeds with one seed leaf (includes corn, lilies, and tulips)
2. flower petals in multiples of three
3. leaves are long and slender with parallel veins
4. vascular tissue is scattered throughout the stem

Question 19

What is a eudicot?

Answer 19

Eudicot are “true” dicots, most dicots are 2/3 contains two cotyledons

Question 20

What are the male parts of the flower?

Answer 20

Called stamens,

Made up of anther at the top and the stalk or filament that supports the anther.

Question 21

What are the female parts of the flower?

Answer 21

Called the pistil,

Top is the stigma, which has a sticky surface receptive to pollen.

Question 22

What develops into the seed?

Answer 22

Ovule, turns into a seed

Question 23

What develops into the fruit?

Answer 23

Carpels, develop into fruit from ovary

Question 24

Explain double fertilization and its outcome.

Answer 24

One sperm unites with egg to form diploid zygote

=New sporophyte

Question 25

What is a generative cell?

Answer 25

pollen grain cell that lags behind during pollination to divide to produce two sperm cells

Question 26

Describe ways in which seeds help to ensure the survival of a plant’s offspring

Answer 26

aids in dispersal of new embryo, can remain dormant until conditions are right

Question 27

List environmental conditions that can lead to seed germination in some plants

Answer 27

• Some seeds lie within tough cones that do not open until exposed to fire
• Dormancy allows the “clock to be stopped” to survive harsh periods before germinating
• Germination cannot take place until water and oxygen reach the embryo

Question 28

What is dioecious?

Answer 28

Male and female reproductive structures form on different trees ( having the male and female elements on different individuals)