Chapter 3 Vocab

Question 1

Phonology

Answer 1

The study of the abstract categories that organize the sound system of language. It comprises individual speech sounds as how speech sounds are grouped into larger units.

Question 2

Spectogram

Answer 2

Graphic representation of frequency distribution of the complex jumble of sound waves that give the hearing impression of speech sounds.

Question 3

Phone

Answer 3

Physical realization of a speech sound.

Question 4

Allophones

Answer 4

Phones that function as alternant realizations of the same phoneme.

Question 5

Narrow Transcription

Answer 5

Additional articulatory details to the transcription.

Question 6

Distribution

Answer 6

The different positions in which a speech sound can occur or not occur in the words of a language and in which phonetic context it cannot occur.

Question 7

Complimentary Distribution

Answer 7

Two sounds which are distributed in a way that one can only occur where the other cannot occur.

Question 8

Minimal Pairs

Answer 8

A pair of words which differ in only one sound, but differ in meaning. (tip and hip)

Question 9

Released Consonant

Answer 9

Plosive. The air gets built up and is released.

Question 10

Unreleased Consonant

Answer 10

The air pressure is not released.

Question 11

Free variation

Answer 11

Speakers can chose which allophone they use.

Question 12

Final devoicing

Answer 12

Where a voiced phoneme has a voiceless allophone in word-final position.

Question 13

Non-rhotic

Answer 13

When sounds do not occur in final position. (r sounds)

Question 14

Rhotic

Answer 14

When sounds do occur in final position.

Question 15

Constituents

Answer 15

The elements that make up a syllable.

Question 16

Syllabic Consonants

Answer 16

The consonants that occupy the central part of the syllable.

Question 17

Nucleus

Answer 17

This can be filled with a vowel, diphthong, or syllabic consonant. Part of syllable.

Question 18

Vowel epenthesis

Answer 18

The insertion of vowels into the consonants.

Question 19

Syllabification

Answer 19

Assigning syllable structure to words.

Question 20

Maximal onset principle

Answer 20

When as many consonants as possible end up in the onset.

Question 21

Sonority

Answer 21

The category that captures the acoustic impression of clear audibility.

Question 22

Sonority Sequencing Principle

Answer 22

The sounds preceding the nucleus must rise in sonority, and sounds following the nucleus must fall in sonority.

Question 23

Onset

Answer 23

The part of the syllable that precedes the vowel of the syllable. (preceding the nucleus)

Question 24

Coda

Answer 24

Post vocalic slot. Consonants following the nucleus.

Question 25

Neutralization

Answer 25

In some context, the contrast between phonemes is invisible. (German /d/ and /t/).