Chapter 3 Vocab

Question 1

Categorical grants

Answer 1

Federal grants for specific purposes, such as building an airport

Question 2

Conditions of aid

Answer 2

Terms set by the national government that states must meet if they are to receive certain federal funds.

Question 3

Dual federalism

Answer 3

Doctrine holding that the national government is supreme in its sphere, the states are supreme in theirs, and the two spheres should be kept separate.

Question 4

Federalism

Answer 4

A political system in which there are local (territorial, regional, state, or municipal) units of government, as well as a national government, and powers are shared between the local units and the national government.

Question 5

Grants in aid

Answer 5

Money given by the federal government to the states

Question 6

Initiative

Answer 6

Process that permits voters to put legislative measures directly on the ballot.

Question 7

Nullification

Answer 7

The doctrine that a state can declare null and void a federal law that, in the state’s opinion, violates the Constitution.

Question 8

Police power

Answer 8

State power to enact laws promoting health, safety, and morals.

Question 9

Recall

Answer 9

Procedure whereby voters can remove an elected official from office.

Question 10

Referendum

Answer 10

Procedure enabling voters to reject a measure passed by the legislature.

Question 11

Waiver

Answer 11

A decision by an administrative agency granting some other part permission to violate a law or rule that would otherwise apply to it.

Question 12

Mandates

Answer 12

Terms set by the national government that states must meet whether or not they accept federal grants.

Question 13

Necessary and proper clause

Answer 13

Section of the Constitution allowing Congress to pass all laws “necessary and proper” to its duties, and which has permitted Congress to exercise powers not specifically given to it (enumerated) by the Constitution.