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Apes > Chapter 3 Vocab > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Vocab Flashcards

0
Q

Species

A

The entirety of a population that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring

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1
Q

Ecology

A

The study of all processes influencing the distribution and abundance of organisms and the interactions between living things and their environment

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2
Q

Population

A

A certain number of individuals that make up the interbreeding and reproducing group

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3
Q

Biotic community or biota

A

The grouping or assemblage of plants, animals, and microbes

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4
Q

Abiotic

A

Nonliving, chemical, and physical factors, such as the amount of water or moisture present, climate, ect.

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5
Q

Ecosystems

A

A grouping of plants animals and microbes occupying an explicit unit of space and interacting with each other and their environment. Functional units of sustainable life on earth.

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6
Q

Ecotone

A

A transitional area between two separate ecosystems that has characteristics of both.

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7
Q

Landscapes

A

A group of interacting ecosystems. Landscape ecology is the science that studies the interactions among ecosystems

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8
Q

Biosphere

A

All species and physical factors on earth functioning as one unified ecosystem. All life on earth

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9
Q

Conditions

A

Abiotic factors that vary in space and time but are not used up or made unavailable to other species

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10
Q

Resources

A

Any factors that are consumed by organisms

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11
Q

Optimum

A

A certain level at which the organisms do best

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12
Q

Range of tolerance

A

The entire span that allows any growth at all

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13
Q

Limits of tolerance

A

High and low ends on range of tolerance

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14
Q

Zone of stress

A

Region between the optimal range and limits of tolerance

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15
Q

Limiting factor

A

A factor that limits growth

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16
Q

Law of limiting factors

A

Observation of limiting factors

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17
Q

Synergistic effects or synergism

A

Two or more factors reacting in a way that causes an effect much greater

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18
Q

Habitat

A

The kind of place where a species is biologically adapted to live

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19
Q

Ecological niche

A

What animals feed on, where they feed, when it feeds, where it finds shelter, where they nest, and how they respond to abiotic factors.

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20
Q

Matter

A

Anything that has mass and occupies space

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21
Q

Atoms

A

Basic building blocks of all matter

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22
Q

Molecule

A

Consists of two or more atoms bonded together in a specific way

23
Q

Compound

A

Consists of two or more different atoms bonded together

24
Q

Atmosphere

A

Thin layer of gases separating earth from space

25
Q

Hydrosphere

A

Water

26
Q

Lithosphere

A

Earths crust

27
Q

Mineral

A

Any hard, crystalline, inorganic material of a given chemical composition

28
Q

Organic

A

The chemical compounds making up the tissues of living organisms

29
Q

Naturally organic compounds

A

Make up living organisms

Ex. Lipids, proteins

30
Q

Synthetic organic compounds

A

Human made

31
Q

Inorganic

A

Refers to all other molecules or compounds

No carbon-carbon or hydrogen-carbon

32
Q

Energy

A

Anything that has the ability to move matter, has no mass and doesn’t occupy space

33
Q

Calorie

A

Non SI unit of energy

1 ml/g of water 1 degree Celsius

34
Q

Kinetic energy

A

Energy in action or motion

35
Q

Potential energy

A

Energy in storage

36
Q

Chemical energy

A

Potential energy contained in chemical fuels

37
Q

Temperature

A

Measures the molecular motion in a substance caused by kinetic energy

38
Q

1st law of thermodynamics - law of conservation of energy

A

Energy is neither created no destroyed but may be converted from one form to another

39
Q

2nd law of thermodynamics - law of entropy

A

In any energy conversion you will end up with less usable energy

40
Q

Entropy

A

Measure of the degree of disorder in a system

41
Q

Heat energy

A

Lowest and most disordered form of energy

42
Q

Biomes

A

Similar or related ecosystems that are often grouped together

43
Q

Photosynthesis

A

6CO2 + 6H2O ——> C6H12O6 + 6O2

44
Q

Cell respiration

A

Photosynthesis backwards

45
Q

Oxidation

A

Breakdown of molecules

46
Q

Cellulose

A

Fibers of plant cell walls

47
Q

Fermentation

A

Anaerobic process

48
Q

Eutrophication

A

A water pollution problem when there is too much phosphorus in water

49
Q

Nitrogen fixation

A

A number of bacteria and Cyanobacteria convert atmospheric nitrogen into reactive nitrogen

50
Q

Legumes

A

Peas, beans, soybeans, and alfalfa

51
Q

Non-legume plants

A

Corn, potato wheat, cotton

52
Q

Nitrifying bacteria

A

Group of soil bacteria that oxidizes the ammonium to nitrate

53
Q

Nitrogen fixation

A

Lightening turns atmospheric nitrogen to ammonium

54
Q

Industrial fixation of nitrogen

A

Manufacture of fertilizer

55
Q

Denitrification

A

Microbial process that occurs in soils and sediment depleted of oxygen which converts nitrates into nitrogen gas

56
Q

SI unit of Energy

A

Joule

Apes (1 decks)

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