Chapter 3 The Visual Perseptual Set

Question 0

Define perception

Answer 0

This refers to the process by which sensory information is given meaning, this is done by the brain

Question 1

What is sensation?

Give a example

Answer 1

The process by which our sense organs and receptors detect and respond to sensory information that stimulates them.

The eyes are light receptors, the skin and hair is heat and touch receptors, the tongue is the taste receptor, the nose is the smell receptor, and the ears are the sound receptors.

Question 2

Where does sensation end and perception start?

Answer 2

There is no answer, it is unknown

Question 3

Name two parts of the eye

Answer 3

The lens
The retina
The cornea
The aqueous humour
The pupil
The iris
The ciliary muscle
The blind spot
The optical nerve
The fovea 
And 
The blood vessels

Question 4

What are the two types of receptors in the eye

Answer 4

Cones and rods

Question 5

What is the order of the visual perception stages?

And what happens in each of them

Answer 5

Reception-light enters the eye.
Transduction-when light is changed to chemicals.
Transmission-going from optic nerve to brain.
Organisation- assembling into meaningful data.
Interpretation-process of giving meaning to visual information.

Question 6

What are the three visual perception principals?

Answer 6

Gestalt
Depth
Perceptual constancies

Question 7

What is in Gestalts principals ?

Answer 7

Figure ground, closure, similarity, and proximity.

Question 8

What is in depths principals?

Answer 8

Binocular
-convergence
-retinal disparity
Monocular
-accommodation
-pictorial cues
-linear perspective
-interposition
-texture gradient
-relative size
-height in the visual field

Question 9

What is in the perceptual constancies?

Answer 9

Brightness constancy
Shape constancy
Size constancy

Question 10

Define physiological perception

Answer 10

Involves ways in our eyes, nervous system and brain process visual information.

Question 11

Define psychological perception

Answer 11

Involves mental process such as our experiences, and Socio-cultural background.

Question 12

What are the topics in the perceptual set?

Answer 12

Context, Motivation, Emotional state, Past experience, Cultural factors.

Question 13

What is figure ground?

Answer 13

The way we organise information by dividing a image into a figure which stands out against the ground.

Question 14

What is closure?

Answer 14

The perceptual tendency by mentally closing or filling the gaps between the figures.

Question 15

What is proximity?

Answer 15

The tendency to perceive parts of a individual image which are positioned close together as being part of a group.

Question 16

What is similarity

Answer 16

The tendency to perceive parts of a visual image to have similar features as belonging together.

Question 17

What is convergence

Answer 17

The tension between the eyes as the adjust for the distance of the object.

Question 18

What is retinal disparity

Answer 18

The difference of images depending of the position of each eye.

Question 19

What is accommodation

Answer 19

The automatic adjustment of the shape of the lens based on the bulging of flattening.

Question 20

What are pictorial cues

Answer 20

Techniques used by artists to create depth and distance in frozen image.

Question 21

What is linear perspective

Answer 21

The apparent convergence of parallel lines as the recede in to the distance

Question 22

What is interposition

Answer 22

This occurs when one object partially looks another, and cause us to perceive it to be in front of the other object.

Question 23

What us texture gradient?

Answer 23

Refers to the gradual reduction of detail as a surface recedes in to the distance, when it is close it should have a high level of detail.

Question 24

What is relative size?

Answer 24

This refers to the tendency to usually perceive the object that produces the largest image on the retina as being larger in size, where as a object further away being smaller size.

Question 25

What is height on the visual field?

Answer 25

Refers to the location of objects in the field of vision, where by where the object is located in correlation to the horizon. Being closer to the horizon is perceived as being more distance than object located closer to the horizon.

Question 26

What is size constancy?

Answer 26

This involves recognising objects actual size remains the same though the image stays the same on the retina.

Question 27

What is shape constancy?

Answer 27

The tendency to perceive an object as maintaining its shape despite any change in the shape of the image on the retina.

Question 28

What is brightness constancy ?

Answer 28

The tendency to perceive an object as maintaining its level of brightness in relation to its surroundings, despite the amount of light reflected in to the retina.

Question 29

What is context?

Answer 29

This refers to the setting in which a perceived stimulus
Example
      A
12 13 14
      B

Question 30

What is motivation?

Answer 30

This refers to the process within us which active behaviour that is directed towards achieving a particular goal.
Example
In a football match you would point out the other teams faults rather than your own teams faults.

Question 31

What is emotional state?

Answer 31

How a individual is feeling at a point in time, that can influence the way we perceive visual information

Question 32

What is past experience?

Answer 32

This refers to personal experience throughout our life’s that can effect how we perceive visual information.

Question 33

What are cultural factors defined as?

Answer 33

Experience with or in a particular culture can influence the way we process and interpret visual information.
An example of this would be growing up in a place where cartoons are non-existent then seeing one and not being able to identify the characters.