Chapter 3 The Visual Perseptual Set Flashcards
Define perception
This refers to the process by which sensory information is given meaning, this is done by the brain
What is sensation?
Give a example
The process by which our sense organs and receptors detect and respond to sensory information that stimulates them.
The eyes are light receptors, the skin and hair is heat and touch receptors, the tongue is the taste receptor, the nose is the smell receptor, and the ears are the sound receptors.
Where does sensation end and perception start?
There is no answer, it is unknown
Name two parts of the eye
The lens The retina The cornea The aqueous humour The pupil The iris The ciliary muscle The blind spot The optical nerve The fovea And The blood vessels
What are the two types of receptors in the eye
Cones and rods
What is the order of the visual perception stages?
And what happens in each of them
Reception-light enters the eye.
Transduction-when light is changed to chemicals.
Transmission-going from optic nerve to brain.
Organisation- assembling into meaningful data.
Interpretation-process of giving meaning to visual information.
What are the three visual perception principals?
Gestalt
Depth
Perceptual constancies
What is in Gestalts principals ?
Figure ground, closure, similarity, and proximity.
What is in depths principals?
Binocular -convergence -retinal disparity Monocular -accommodation -pictorial cues -linear perspective -interposition -texture gradient -relative size -height in the visual field
What is in the perceptual constancies?
Brightness constancy
Shape constancy
Size constancy
Define physiological perception
Involves ways in our eyes, nervous system and brain process visual information.
Define psychological perception
Involves mental process such as our experiences, and Socio-cultural background.
What are the topics in the perceptual set?
Context, Motivation, Emotional state, Past experience, Cultural factors.
What is figure ground?
The way we organise information by dividing a image into a figure which stands out against the ground.
What is closure?
The perceptual tendency by mentally closing or filling the gaps between the figures.
What is proximity?
The tendency to perceive parts of a individual image which are positioned close together as being part of a group.
What is similarity
The tendency to perceive parts of a visual image to have similar features as belonging together.
What is convergence
The tension between the eyes as the adjust for the distance of the object.
What is retinal disparity
The difference of images depending of the position of each eye.
What is accommodation
The automatic adjustment of the shape of the lens based on the bulging of flattening.
What are pictorial cues
Techniques used by artists to create depth and distance in frozen image.
What is linear perspective
The apparent convergence of parallel lines as the recede in to the distance
What is interposition
This occurs when one object partially looks another, and cause us to perceive it to be in front of the other object.
What us texture gradient?
Refers to the gradual reduction of detail as a surface recedes in to the distance, when it is close it should have a high level of detail.
What is relative size?
This refers to the tendency to usually perceive the object that produces the largest image on the retina as being larger in size, where as a object further away being smaller size.
What is height on the visual field?
Refers to the location of objects in the field of vision, where by where the object is located in correlation to the horizon. Being closer to the horizon is perceived as being more distance than object located closer to the horizon.
What is size constancy?
This involves recognising objects actual size remains the same though the image stays the same on the retina.
What is shape constancy?
The tendency to perceive an object as maintaining its shape despite any change in the shape of the image on the retina.
What is brightness constancy ?
The tendency to perceive an object as maintaining its level of brightness in relation to its surroundings, despite the amount of light reflected in to the retina.
What is context?
This refers to the setting in which a perceived stimulus
Example
A
12 13 14
BWhat is motivation?
This refers to the process within us which active behaviour that is directed towards achieving a particular goal.
Example
In a football match you would point out the other teams faults rather than your own teams faults.
What is emotional state?
How a individual is feeling at a point in time, that can influence the way we perceive visual information
What is past experience?
This refers to personal experience throughout our life’s that can effect how we perceive visual information.
What are cultural factors defined as?
Experience with or in a particular culture can influence the way we process and interpret visual information.
An example of this would be growing up in a place where cartoons are non-existent then seeing one and not being able to identify the characters.
