Chapter 3: The Spirit of 1914

Question 1

Following the defeat of Austria by the Prussian military. The exclusion of Austria from the German Federation resulted in…

Answer 1

The exclusion of approximately 6 million Austrian Germans from the German Federation.

Question 2

George Ritter von Schonerer founded this political group…

Answer 2

Pan-German Association

Question 3

Schonerer’s Pan-German Association followed his German Nationalist ‘Linz Program’ which held this as one of its views…

Answer 3

‘the removal of Jewish influence from all sections of public life’

Question 4

In 1901, the Pan-German Association achieved this…

Answer 4

21 elected deputies in the Reichstag

Question 5

Schonerer is known for being referred to by his followers by this term meaning ‘Leader’…

Answer 5

Fuhrer

Question 6

Following the accession of Kaiser Willhelm II, this occurrred due to tensions regarding the renewal of the Anti Socialist Act…

Answer 6

Bismarck resigned his position as Reich Chancellor.

Question 7

This man was a famed German colonialist who initially formed the General German League which eventually became the Pan-German League…

Answer 7

Carl Peters

Question 8

This powerful arms manufacturer assisted significantly in funding one of the early German Nationalist groups the Navy League, which sought to promote interest in Navy expansion…

Answer 8

Krupp

Question 9

Heinrich Class, chairman of the Pan-German League published a manifesto critiquing the policies of Bismarck and Wilhelm II. What was the title of his manifesto…

Answer 9

If I Were the Kaiser (1912)

Question 10

In his manifesto ‘If I Were the Kaiser’, Heinrich Class states he would do the following…

Answer 10

Deal with the internal enemies of Germany, particularly the Social Democrats and the Jews.

Immediately revoke the civil rights of Jews and classify them as aliens.

Social Democrats would be banned and their leaders and deputies would be expelled from Germany.

Reichstag would be restricted to give more voting power to the educated and propertied and only the best men would be allowed to bear office.

National rallies and patriotic festivals would be promoted to bring people to nationalist cause.

Question 11

Christian Social Consevative Karl Lueger was able to promoted his antisemitic views to gain enough support to achieve this position which he held for a decade…

Answer 11

Mayor of Vienna

Question 12

This occurred in 1912 and resulted in Nationalist movements becoming increasingly radical in Germany…

Answer 12

The Social Democrats achieved victory in Reichstag elections.

Question 13

Following the victory of the Social Democrats the Agrarian League, a huge pressure-group of large and small landowners associated with the Conservatives joined with the Central Association of German Industrialists to form this group whose membership numbered in the millions…

Answer 13

Cartel of Productive Estates

Question 14

The Cartel of Productive Estates held these views which were prominent among Pan-Germans…

Answer 14

Elimination of the Reichstag.

Suppression of Social Democrats.

Pursuit of aggressive foreign policy and war.

Question 15

This man succeeded Bismarck as Chancellor of Germany and earned an enemy in Carl Peters the famed colonialist when he surrendered territory to Britain…

Answer 15

Leo von Caprivi

Question 16

In submitting their memorandum, Konstantin von Gebsattel and Heinrich Class exposed the fact that these men harbored many antisemitic views…

Answer 16

Theobald von Bethmann (Chancellor) and Kaiser Wilhelm II

Question 17

This man was War Minister of Germany at the start of WWI and was one of the few who feared a long conflict and expected Germany would lose…

Answer 17

Erich von Falkenhayn

Question 18

Early conflict with Russia in WW1 led to ________coming out of retirement with the support of his Chief of Staff ________ …

Answer 18

Paul von Hindenburg and Erich Ludendorff

Question 19

Wilhelm Groener, a middle-class general, was tasked by Hindenburg to mobilize the German economy for war production. When he attempted to do so, he faced this insurmountable problem…

Answer 19

He realized that existing conflicts between workers unions/politicians and factory owners/generals made it impossible to achieve.

Question 20

In response to difficulties with economic mobilisation, Hindenburg and Ludendorff did this which in turn led to….

Answer 20

Established a ‘silent dictatorship’;

Severely restricted civil liberties.

Central control of the economy with generals determining formulation of war directives and foreign policy.

Question 21

This crucial error led ultimately led to Germany’s downfall in WW1…

Answer 21

Resuming unrestricted submarine warfare led to United States joining war with Allies.

Question 22

Following numerous defeats and deplorable conditions in Russia, this was forced to occur…

Answer 22

The Abdication of Tsar Nicholas II and end of Romanov Dynasty in Russia.

Question 23

This error made by the Russian provisional government allowed the Bolsheviks to gain significant support…

Answer 23

They continued to support Russia’s involvement in the war.

Question 24

Once in power, Lenin initiated this measure to suppress the counter-coup attempts by ‘White Russians’…

Answer 24

The Red Terror

Question 25

This man led the Red Army to victory in the Russian Civil War against the ‘White Russians’…

Answer 25

Leon Trotsky

Question 26

For this reason, Lenin established the Communist International (Comintern)…

Answer 26

He recognized to maintain power in a state that was as economically underdeveloped as Russia, they needed to support the spread of Communism elsewhere; particularly in advanced industrial countries such as Germany.

Question 27

Towards the end of the War, the Social Democratic Party in Germany split for this reason and led to the formation of this party…

Answer 27

Factions within the Social Democratic Party had differing views of support for the war. German Communist Party formed out of opposition of the war.

Question 28

Both __________ and __________ were founders of the Communist Party of Germany. Following the Spartacist uprising of 1919, they were tortured and killed by military forces acting on behalf of the newly formed government…

Answer 28

Karl Liebkncecht and Rosa Luxembourg

Question 29

The events in Russia set precedent for fear of Communism in Europe. Many Europeans feared the following…

Answer 29

Middle and Upper classes feared losing their property and being taken away by secret police.

Social Democrats feared they would suffer a similar fate of the moderate socialist Mensheviks.

Question 30

1919 Hungary saw a brief Communist regime take control led by this man who was later killed during Stalin’s Great Purge of the late 1930s.

Answer 30

Bela Kun

Question 31

Lenin signed this treaty which allowed Russia to withdrawal from the war at the cost of significant land annexation to Germany…

Answer 31

Treaty of Brest-Litvosk