Chapter 3: The Spirit of 1914 Flashcards
Following the defeat of Austria by the Prussian military. The exclusion of Austria from the German Federation resulted in…
The exclusion of approximately 6 million Austrian Germans from the German Federation.
George Ritter von Schonerer founded this political group…
Pan-German Association
Schonerer’s Pan-German Association followed his German Nationalist ‘Linz Program’ which held this as one of its views…
‘the removal of Jewish influence from all sections of public life’
In 1901, the Pan-German Association achieved this…
21 elected deputies in the Reichstag
Schonerer is known for being referred to by his followers by this term meaning ‘Leader’…
Fuhrer
Following the accession of Kaiser Willhelm II, this occurrred due to tensions regarding the renewal of the Anti Socialist Act…
Bismarck resigned his position as Reich Chancellor.
This man was a famed German colonialist who initially formed the General German League which eventually became the Pan-German League…
Carl Peters
This powerful arms manufacturer assisted significantly in funding one of the early German Nationalist groups the Navy League, which sought to promote interest in Navy expansion…
Krupp
Heinrich Class, chairman of the Pan-German League published a manifesto critiquing the policies of Bismarck and Wilhelm II. What was the title of his manifesto…
If I Were the Kaiser (1912)
In his manifesto ‘If I Were the Kaiser’, Heinrich Class states he would do the following…
Deal with the internal enemies of Germany, particularly the Social Democrats and the Jews.
Immediately revoke the civil rights of Jews and classify them as aliens.
Social Democrats would be banned and their leaders and deputies would be expelled from Germany.
Reichstag would be restricted to give more voting power to the educated and propertied and only the best men would be allowed to bear office.
National rallies and patriotic festivals would be promoted to bring people to nationalist cause.
Christian Social Consevative Karl Lueger was able to promoted his antisemitic views to gain enough support to achieve this position which he held for a decade…
Mayor of Vienna
This occurred in 1912 and resulted in Nationalist movements becoming increasingly radical in Germany…
The Social Democrats achieved victory in Reichstag elections.
Following the victory of the Social Democrats the Agrarian League, a huge pressure-group of large and small landowners associated with the Conservatives joined with the Central Association of German Industrialists to form this group whose membership numbered in the millions…
Cartel of Productive Estates
The Cartel of Productive Estates held these views which were prominent among Pan-Germans…
Elimination of the Reichstag.
Suppression of Social Democrats.
Pursuit of aggressive foreign policy and war.
This man succeeded Bismarck as Chancellor of Germany and earned an enemy in Carl Peters the famed colonialist when he surrendered territory to Britain…
Leo von Caprivi
In submitting their memorandum, Konstantin von Gebsattel and Heinrich Class exposed the fact that these men harbored many antisemitic views…
Theobald von Bethmann (Chancellor) and Kaiser Wilhelm II
This man was War Minister of Germany at the start of WWI and was one of the few who feared a long conflict and expected Germany would lose…
Erich von Falkenhayn
Early conflict with Russia in WW1 led to ________coming out of retirement with the support of his Chief of Staff ________ …
Paul von Hindenburg and Erich Ludendorff
Wilhelm Groener, a middle-class general, was tasked by Hindenburg to mobilize the German economy for war production. When he attempted to do so, he faced this insurmountable problem…
He realized that existing conflicts between workers unions/politicians and factory owners/generals made it impossible to achieve.
In response to difficulties with economic mobilisation, Hindenburg and Ludendorff did this which in turn led to….
Established a ‘silent dictatorship’;
Severely restricted civil liberties.
Central control of the economy with generals determining formulation of war directives and foreign policy.
This crucial error led ultimately led to Germany’s downfall in WW1…
Resuming unrestricted submarine warfare led to United States joining war with Allies.
Following numerous defeats and deplorable conditions in Russia, this was forced to occur…
The Abdication of Tsar Nicholas II and end of Romanov Dynasty in Russia.
This error made by the Russian provisional government allowed the Bolsheviks to gain significant support…
They continued to support Russia’s involvement in the war.
Once in power, Lenin initiated this measure to suppress the counter-coup attempts by ‘White Russians’…
The Red Terror
