Chapter 3 The Reformation And Its Impact Flashcards

Question

Reasons for the dissolutions of the monasteries?

Answer 1

-moral decay -compendium compertorum -new religious outlooks-Protestants believed praying for the would of the dead was wrong(monks main job) Loyalty-religious houses linked with Rome and the pope Money-monasteries we’re wealthy

Answer 2

All things were against the strict moral code of the church .so given the seriousness of the charges they were not hard to justify

Answer 3

-not thorough -only a few hours for each house 120 houses in 70 days -Layton and Legh used bullying tactics -no effort to present a balanced picture exaggerated -inaccuracy -Leigh and Layton were smart -gave Cromwell what he wanted Lincolnshire distributed 22% of its wealth to charity

Answer 4

Earasmus(opponent of the monasteries)described monks as “counterfeit holy beggars “-Protestants didn’t believe in praying for the souls of the dead

Answer 5

—Henry refunded Busham abbey +Strixwold nunnery -doubtful if he was truly convinced

Answer 6

—Henry had doubts about the loyalty of monasteries as the had strong links with the pope and Rome —fierce resistance from monks -strong bonds

Answer 7

-18 monks had been executed for refusing the oath of supremacy -however nearly every monk and nun ended up swearing the oath

Answer 8

—valour Ecclesiasticus -survey of church wealth —owned 1/3 of English land ,£160000/yr income 3x royal estates

Answer 9

—finance wars —protect England from a catholic invasion —not rely on Parliament for taxation (Amicable grant revolt) —money+land could be given as gifts to the nobility and gentry

Answer 10

—1536–300 smaller monasteries (>€200\yr) closed however allowed 67 small to stay —1537-and larger ones in due to rebel support and wealth(pilgrimage of grace ). -Abbots were targeted in 1538 (voluntary surrender)and surrendered in 1539.

Answer 11

—Religious reformers who opposed the monasteries —Henry VIII who became richer than ever —Gentry and nobles who bought monastic-estates

Answer 12

Readjustment of monks and nuns —6,500/8000 monks manages to find secure work —2000 nuns not allowed to work or marry —lost of charity work led to a increase in poverty

Answer 13

—the destruction of the monastic buildings was seen as vandalism —loss of libraries,art ,stained glass —was an attempt to compensate -cathedral grammas schools were built

Answer 14

Religious Factors • The North was mainly Catholic, and many believed their faith was under threat. • The dissolution of the smaller monasteries was seen as an unforgivable attack on religion. • The work of monks and nuns was important for the whole community. o The dissolution led to fears that the parish churches would be the next target.

Answer 15

Economic Factors • The 1534 Subsidy Act was still being collected in 1536. This was usually only raised in wartime. As England was at peace, it was deeply resented. • Poor harvests in 1535 and 1536 made times even harder. • Commoners had complaints about rising rents and enclosure of common land. • Gentry and nobility were opposed to the 1536 Statute of Uses, a tax on landed inheritances.

Answer 16

Social Factors The monasteries provided: o healing for the sick o help for the poor o refuge for travellers. The fact that this was all under threat through the dissolution angered many.

Answer 17

Political Factors • The northern nobility felt that Henry's court was too much under the influence of Cromwell. ° They disliked Cromwell for his low birth and reformist religious views. • They hoped the uprising would increase their power in court and weaken Cromwell's.

Answer 18

—oct 2nd -pressure for gov commissioners (dissolution ,taxation,clergy investigation) —3000 commoners rose up led “by captain cobbler”(Nicholas melton) —Oct 4 bishop of Lincoln’s chancellor murdered —oct 7 10,000 rebels marched into Lincoln w/ articles -11th Oct rebellion ended after gentry withdrew support + Henry sent 300 to suppress it