Chapter 3 : The Iron Age and the arrival of the Celts

Question 0

Ogham

Answer 0

A basic type of alphabet which they cut notches into a tall stone bottom to top surname of dead

Question 1

Most common thing to make with

Answer 1

Iron

Question 2

What they look like

Answer 2

Men
Fined if bellies stuck out from belts, bracae woollen trousers, boots, summer tshirt, winter woollen tunics tops or heavy woollen cloaks
Women
Long woollen dresses leather belt, winter shawl or heavy cloak, boots or sandals
Dyed clothes with berries

Question 3

Men’s hair

Answer 3

Dyed blonde with lime, spiked back,

Question 4

Arts and crafts

Answer 4

Large brooches and pins, preferred gold, gold stretched and woven, rich people wore gold or sliver torcs that were decorated

Question 5

Society

Answer 5

Rí (king)
Dearbhfine (Royal family)
Tanaiste (successor)
Nobles (aos Dana, warriors, landowners)

Question 6

Foster age

Answer 6

Nobles send children to other families till 14 to be brought up and trained

Question 7

Warriors

Answer 7

Trained fighters 
Protected tuath
Hunted wild animals 
led cattle raids other tribes
Tell stories about bravery, hunting skills and victories in battle
Feasts held to celebrate
Bravest got best piece of meat which was fought over
Kept head of opponents as a trophy

Question 8

Women

Answer 8

Made food, clothes brought up children noble women owned property some became warriors

Question 9

Settlements

Answer 9

Rath ringfort crannogs hillfort cashel

Question 10

Rath and ringfort cashel

Answer 10

Nobles large farmers, circular area raised bank timber wall ditch below, cashel made of stone, houses within, underground passages souterrains lined with stones used as fridges storage for valuables place as refuge

Question 11

Crannogs

Answer 11

Man made Islands in lakes, means young tree, saplings for walls, stones, rocks, mud, pieces of wood into water to make it rise, similar to raths, reached by wooden bridge

Question 12

Hillfort

Answer 12

Raths on on hills, view on hills,

Question 13

Promontory fort

Answer 13

Hillforts on cliff top locations on headlands,

Question 14

Food

Answer 14

Grew crops kept animals, bones of pig sheep horses found at Celtic sites, wheat barley oats were grown, cabbage carrots turnips berries fruit

Question 15

Pastimes

Answer 15

Brandubh and ficheall was draughts and chess, báire is hurling where ball is drawn into hole in ground instead of between nets, golf may owe some origins to báire

Question 16

Religion

Answer 16

Believed that gods were in mountains, forests, wells, sacred walls,

Question 17

Druid

Answer 17

VIP, pagan preists, explaining work and actions of god to people, noble families, spent up to 20 years training, main task learn sacred teachings of those that went before them, offered sacrifices to god during festivals to thank god gods for good harvest or mild winter, animals and humans killed, threw weapons or bronze and gold objects into wells or lakes to please gods, in charge of conducting ceremonies at Celtic festivals

Question 18

Daghda

Answer 18

God of afterlife, most important god, husband of goddess Boann.

Question 19

Lug

Answer 19

God of warriors

Question 20

Manannán Mac Lir

Answer 20

Sea god

Question 21

Samhain

Answer 21

1 November, beginning of new year, not past year or new year, day of magical happenings, lives could meet spirits of dead, animals brought in, if not needed for breeding they were killed

Question 22

Imbolc

Answer 22

1 February, end of winter beginning of new growth

Question 23

Bealtaine

Answer 23

Second most important, bonfires were lit, sacrifices were made in hope of good harvest, Druids drove cows in between two fires before pasture believed as a protection of disease

Question 24

Lughnasa

Answer 24

Last major Celtic festival, 1 august, before harvest was lifted, hoped harvest would be plentiful good amount for winter

Question 25

Nature

Answer 25

Druids believed it was special, considered forests to be sacred places, oak trees were special, Druids gathered herbs and prepared them into potions given as cures to sick people and animals

Question 26

Christianity

Answer 26

Declined amount of Druids, kings were pleased they believed Druids had too much power

Question 27

Burial

Answer 27

Burnt dead, put in urn then into pit or cist grave covered with stones slab, grave goods food drink jewellery weapons