Chapter 3 - The Human Body Flashcards
0
Q
Appetite
A
Psychological desire to consume specific foods
1
Q
Hunger
A
Physiological drive for food
2
Q
Anorexia
A
Physiological need for food, yet no appetite
3
Q
Hypothalamus
A
- Triggers feelings of hunger or satiation (fullness)
- Located above the pituitary gland and the brain stem in an area of the brain that regulates involuntary activities
- Integrates signals from nerve cells, chemical messengers (hormones), and the types of food consumed
4
Q
Role of nerve cells and hunger
A
- Special sells lining the stomach and small intestine
- Detect changes in pressure which indicate whether the organ is empty or distended with food
5
Q
Hormones
A
- Chemical messengers secreted into the bloodstream by endocrine glands to help regulate body functions
- -Pancreatic hormones, insulin and glucagon, maintain blood glucose levels
- -Feeling full results from signals from the stomach no a raise in blood glucose
6
Q
Roles of food type on hunger (protein, high-fat diets, bulky meals, solid foods)
A
- Proteins have the highest satiety value
- High-fat diets have a higher satiety value that high-carb diets
- Bulky meals (high in fiber and water) distend the stomach and promote a sense of satiety
- Solid foods are more filling than semisolid foods or liquids
7
Q
Why do we want to eat?
A
- Foods stimulate our senses (sight, smell, taste, texture, hearing)
- Social and cultural cues
- Learned experiences
8
Q
Digestion
A
Large food molecules are broken down to smaller molecules, mechanically and chemically
9
Q
Absorption
A
Process of taking the digested products through the intestinal wall
10
Q
Elimination
A
Undigested portions of food and waste products are removed from the body
11
Q
Gastrointestinal Tract
A
- A series of organs arranged in a long tube that work together to process foods
- Sphincters: muscles that control the passage of food material from one GI organ to the next
12
Q
Cephalic phase of digestion
A
- Hunger and appetite work together to prepare the GI tract for digestion
- First thought of food (nervous system)’stimulates the release of digestive juices
13
Q
Digestion begins in the mouth
A
- Chewing moisten the food and mechanically breaks it into smaller pieces
- Saliva contains digestive juices secreted by the salivary gland in the mouth
- Taste receptors detect distinct tastes
14
Q
Components of saliva
A
- Enzymes are complex chemical that induce chemical changes in other substances to speed up bodily processes
- Bicarbonates neutralize acids
- Mucus moistens the food and oral cavity
- Antibodies and lysosomes fight oral bacteria
