Chapter 3- The first two years- body and mind

Question 1

What is transient exuberance?

Answer 1

temporary increase in the number of dendrites that develop in an infant’s brain during the first two years of life

Question 2

What is pruning?

Answer 2

process by which unused connections in the brain atrophy and die

Question 3

What is sensation?

Answer 3

response of a sensory system (eyes, ears, mouth) when it detects a stimulus

Question 4

What is perception?

Answer 4

The mental processing of sensory information when the brain interprets a sensation

Question 5

What is a holophrase?

Answer 5

a single word that expresses a meaningful thought (Dada!, Dada?, Dada.)

Question 6

What is child-directed speech?

Answer 6

high-pitched, simplified and repetitive way adults speak to infants

Question 7

What is sensorimotor intelligence?

Answer 7

The way infants think by using senses ans motor skills during the first period of cognitive development

Question 8

REM Sleep?

Answer 8

stage of sleep when eyes flicker behind closed lids, dreaming and rapid brain waves

Question 9

Why is immunization important?

Answer 9

It stimulates body’s immune system to defend against attack by particular disease

Question 10

First two stages of sensorimotor intelligence?

Answer 10

reflexes: sucking, grasping, staring, listening

accommodation and coordination of reflexes to certain objects (sucking pacifier, grasping it)

Question 11

What is a reminder session?

Answer 11

experience that is intended to help a person recollect an idea, thing, or experience without testing whether or not he/she remembers it at the moment

Question 12

What is the hybrid theory?

Answer 12

a perspective that combines various aspects of different theories to explain how language occurs

Question 13

Third, Fourth stages of sensorimotor intelligence?

Answer 13

making interesting sights last

becoming more deliberate and purposeful in responding to people and objects

Question 14

Fifth and Sixth stage in sensorimotor intelligence?

Answer 14

experimentation and creativity (putting toys down the toilet)
considering before doing, provides child new ways of achieving a goal (before flushing toys down toilet, remembering toilet overflowed and mommy was angry last time)

Question 15

an example of actice (gene environment interaction)

Answer 15

child puts them self in situation (they focus on aspects of their environment that match their genetic abilities

Question 16

an example of passive (gene environment interaction)

Answer 16

someone else puts child in situation (environment provides oppertunities that connect with genetic makeup

Question 17

an example of evocative (gene environment interaction)

Answer 17

put in that situation because of behavior (child’s genetic makeup leads them to behave in ways that evoke influences)