Chapter 3 The Evolving Mind: Nature and Nurture Intertwined Flashcards
Adaptation
A change because of natural selection
Alleles
One of several versions of a gene, as in having an A, B, or O blood type allele
Altruism
Behavior on behalf of another that fails to benefit or harms the individual performing it
Behavioral Genetics
The scientific field that attempts to identify and understand links between genetics and behavior.
Candidate Gene
A gene that has a greater impact on a trait of interest than other genes.
Concordance Rates
The statistical probability that a trait in one person will be shared by another; usually discussed in relation to identical and fraternal twins.
Dominant
A feature of an allele that determines a phenotype in either the homozygous or the heterozygous condition
Epigenetic
The study of gene–environment interactions in the production of phenotypes.
Evolution
Descent with modification from a common ancestor.
Fitness
The ability of one genotype to reproduce more successfully relative to other genotypes.
Gene Expression
The process in which genetic instructions are converted into a feature of a living cell
Gene
A small segment of DNA located in a particular place on a chromosome
Genetic Drift
Change in a population’s genes from one generation to the next because of chance or accident
Genomewide Association Studies (GWAS)
A scan of complete sets of DNA from many participants, which is performed to look for variations associated with a particular phenotype, condition, or disease.
Genotype
An individual’s profile of alleles
Heritability
The statistical likelihood that variations observed in a population are because of genetics.
Heterozygous
Having two different alleles for a gene.
Homozygous
Having two of the same alleles for a gene.
Migration
Movement to a new location
Mutation
An error that occurs when DNA is replicated
Natural Selection
The process by which survival and reproduction pressures act to change the frequency of alleles in subsequent generations.
Nature
The contributions of heredity to our physical structure and behaviors.
Nurture
The contributions of environmental factors and experience to our physical structure and behaviors.
Phenotype
An observable characteristic
Recessive
A feature of an allele that produces only a phenotype in the homozygous condition
Reciprocal Altruism
Help that you provide for another person when you expect the person to return the favor in the future
Relatedness
The probability that two people share the same allele from a common ancestor
Sexual Selection
The development of traits that help an individual compete for mates.
