Chapter 3: the evolution of social behavior Flashcards
cooperation
a mutually helpful action that may have immediate benefits for both parties or postponed benefits for one of the cooperators
reciprocity
a helpful action is repaid later by the recipient of assistance
maladaptive altruism
A sacrifices its lifetime inclusive fitness in order to help B
adaptive altruism
the initial direct fitness sacrifice made by A leads to indirect fitness gains for A
spite
A reduces its reproductive fitness in order to harm B
deceit and manipulation
B exploits or manipulates A in ways that harm A but benefit B
prisoner’s dilemma
a game theory construct in which the fitness payoffs to individuals are set such that mutual cooperation between the players generates a lower return than defection, which occurs when one individual accepts assistance from the other but does not return the favor
facultative altruism
altruism that the helper can deploy at its discretion
obligate altruism
helpers are locked into providing assistance for others