Chapter 3 - The Digestive System

Question 1

What is a soluble chemical?

Answer 1

Can be broken down by water

Question 2

How is food broken down into simple soluble chemicals?

Answer 2

Food is torn up and swallowed,
Enters alimentary canal,
Mixed with digestive enzymes

Question 3

What is the process of digestion?

Answer 3

Food entering the alimentary canal with digestive enzymes and being further broken down into water soluble chemicals

Question 4

What happens to water soluble foods after entering the alimentary canal?

Answer 4

• Food passes through walls of gut into blood stream
• Blood then transports digested, soluble foods to all parts of body
• food enters cells and transformed into substances which take part in body’s metabolism

Question 5

What happens to any solid substances in food that cannot be digested (e.g fibre)

Answer 5

Expelled from body via faeces

Question 6

Why can’t most foods be eaten in their original forms?

Answer 6

Most foods are chemically different and have to be processed before they can be used by the body

Question 7

What are catalysts?

Answer 7

Speeds u chemical reactions that would otherwise be slow

Question 8

What are the 4 digestive anatomy groups?

Answer 8

Ruminants
Simple-stomached
Avian
Monogastric herbivore

Question 9

What are the 6 food-eaten categories?

Answer 9

Carnivore
Herbivore
Omnivore
Grainivore
Piscivore
Frugivore

Question 10

What are some examples of ruminants?

Answer 10

Cattle - cows
Sheep
Goats
Elk

Question 11

What are some examples of simple-stomached animals?

Answer 11

Dog
Cat
Human

Question 12

What are avian animals?

Answer 12

All birds

Question 13

What are some examples of monogastric (single compartment stomach) animals?

Answer 13

Horse
Pig
Rabbit

Question 14

what are the 4 possible outcomes from regulation of sugars via the liver?

Answer 14

• used as an energy source
• stored as gylcogen in the liver
• converted to fat and stored around the body
• passed directly into the circulation

Question 15

what are some main functions of the liver?

Answer 15

• regulation of sugar
• regulation of fats
• regulation of amino acids
• heat production

Question 16

what are amino acids?

Answer 16

• the building blocks of proteins
• proteins are made out of amino acids
• amino acids are molecules that combine to form proteins
• when proteins are digested or broken down, amino acids are left

Question 17

what are the two types of tissue present within the pancreas?

Answer 17

exocrine tissue: produces enzymes
endocrine tissue: produces hormones (like insulin) to help control sugar in the body

Question 18

What is the pancreas?

Answer 18

organ that creates pancreatic juices which contains enzymes that help with digestion and also produces hormones such as insulin

Question 19

what is endocrine tissue?

Answer 19

• secretes products directly into the bloodstream
• controls body functions such as growth and development, metabolism and fertility

Question 20

what is exocrine tissue?

Answer 20

secretes substances such as sweat, tears, saliva and milk from opening to the body’s surface.

Question 21

What is the function of the kidneys?

Answer 21

• Contains specialised cells that filter out materials that need to be removed from the body
• conserved materials that body needs

Question 22

Where are the kidneys located?

Answer 22

On each side of the abdomen

Question 23

What is the main function of the nervous system?

Answer 23

Provides the quickest means of communication within the body

Question 24

What are the two ways that messages can be carried through the nervous system?

Answer 24

• electrical - impulses that travel along nerves and give fast response (cardiac, skeletal and involuntary)
• chemical - hormones that are released into the bloodstream and travel slower to target organ

Question 25

What are the four types of neurones?

Answer 25

• sensory
• relay
• motor
• network