Chapter 3 Test Flashcards
Worship is a product of the … , …, and the … of the different historical periods.
-philosophies, changes, emphasis
- When the church was young and struggling for survival, leaders were required to:
a. exhort
b. edify
c. and encourage the …
-believers
- When the church no longer struggled for existence, leaders spent more energy:
a. defending the …
b. attacking error in doctrine
c. interpreting scripture
d. and shaping …
- faith
- theology
There were many heated discussions about the …, and about divine versus the human nature of Christ.
-Trinity
At Nicea in 325, Constantine gathered leaders from many different religious families together for the first time in history, to discuss and make decisions. This gathering became known as the … of ,,,
-Council of Nicea
No denomination, movement or action was completely … of others. The choices of generations before as well as the current church culture have shaped and influenced the … through the centuries.
- independent
- Church
IMPORTANT:
Some of the major factors in church history include the liturgical developments of the fourth and fifth centuries, the Eastern and Western division, the medieval period, the Renaissance, the Reformation, the evangelical 1800’s, the … movement and the plethora of modern period churches and movements including the UPCI.
- Pentecostal
Throughout the past two thousand years. Christian worship has seen a continuous process of development and change in response to … and … factors. But, with this evolution, each period of worship renewal aspired to reach back to the Apostolic principles and practices of the … … church .
- theological
- cultural
- New Testament
The biblical account given to us during the first century of this infant church, after the resurrection of Jesus Christ, should always be the standard of liturgy and … practices of the Christian Church.
- worship
The churches of the apostles, when the canonical books of the New Testament were being written, have an … that no other period in history can match.
-authority
Jesus and His early followers came from a … heritage. The cultural implication of Judaism influenced early Christian worship and underlies Christian worship to this day.
- Jewish
… concludes his gospel by mentioning that after the resurrection, the followers of Christ “stayed continually at the temple, praising God” (Luke 24:53, NIV).
- Luke
White emphasizes that the worship of the early church are influenced by their Jewish heritage by stating that , “Christians may have turned the world upside down but in the form and content of their worship it was still recognizably a … world.
- Jewish
The various Jewish rites of ritual purification and in John’s baptism of repentance were the origins of the Christian baptism. Christian baptism differs from its antecedents in some important respects.
- It is baptism in the name of ... signifying a belonging to Him. - It is associated with the gifting of the ... Spirit. - Baptism symbolizes a participation in Christ's ... and resurrection and a new ... as the people of God.
- Jesus
- Holy
- death
- covenant
Baptism seemed to be the primary means of identifying new Christian …
- converts
Baptism becomes the response expected from the … preaching. Peter’s sermon on the Day of Pentecost may be the best example.
- apostolic
The earliest baptism formula was baptism “in the name of the Lord Jesus” (Acts 19:5, NKJV) This is corroborated in Acts 2:38, Acts 8:16, and Acts 22:16. Sometime after the first century church the formula began to be replaced by the … formula, “in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit”.
- Trinitarian
Bernard’s book Oneness and Trinity show that the doctrine of the Trinity developed over a lengthy period of time, from the early second to the late … century.
- fourth
There is no direct evidence for the baptism of … in the New Testament churches, but there is also no clear … requirement given. Those who are disinclined to baptize infants cite scripture passages such as “Anyone who … and is baptized will be saved” (Mark 16:16, NLT).
- infants
- age
- believes
In the third century, Tertullian in North Africa writes On Baptism (about 200), the first treatise on the sacrament. “Tertullian taught that at water baptism the believer has his sins … away, is born in water, and is prepared for the Holy Spirit.
- washed
Tertullian taught baptism by … and disapproved of infant baptism. “ For the early Fathers being, ‘born again’ and regenerated’ are through baptism”. They strongly believed that, in the words of Tertullian, ‘no one can attain … without baptism.
- immersion
- salvation
By the fourth century, baptisms coincided with the time and day of the resurrection. A long period of preparation and training preceded the baptism called …(kat-i-kyoo-muh-neyt) that could last up to three years.
- catechumenate
Those chosen to receive baptism each year (the elect) underwent intensive preparation including further examination of lifestyle and daily exorcisms. Baptism including the laying of hands and always culminated with the …
- Eucharist
In the fourth century, initiation was firmly into the paschal celebration with the baptism coinciding with the time and day of the … It came after a long period of preparation and training, both ethical and creedal, and always culminated in the Eucharist.
- Resurrection
-
The five hundred years after the New Testament period saw enormous … in every aspect of Christian worship.
- changes
The washing away of sin at baptism was considered a gift of … removing the penalties of sin.
- grace
During the Middle Ages, baptism of … is the primary form of baptism to cancel the guilt of original sin. The decline in baptism by immersion is reflected in the gradual shrinking in the size of the baptismal …
- infants
- fonts
The Anabaptists believed that the clearest sign of a pure church is when its members join by deliberate …, not because they were baptized as an infant.
-choice
Menno Simmons ( 1496-1561):
He concluded “ we have not a single command in Scriptures that infants are to be baptized, or that the apostles practiced it, therefore we confess with good sense that infant baptism is nothing but human … and notion. Adherents to Simmons and this movement in the Netherlands became known as …
- invention
- Mennonites
Baptism wasn’t abolished, it was just no longer required. It was a … act, but not required for the remission of sin.
- spiritual
The UPC insists on the earlier baptismal formula, “in the name of the Lord Jesus” ( Acts 19:5 NKJV), preached and practiced by the … in the original church found in the Book of Acts.
- Apostles
After baptism, the Lord’s Supper became one of the most important aspects of New Testament … During the New Testament period, the Lord’s Supper appears to have been not a liturgy in the modern sense, but an actual …, or a portion of one shared by members of the Christian community.
- worship
- meal
When Jesus instituted the “new covenant” He declared that the bread and the cup were the representations of His … and …
- body
- blood
Holy Communion speaks to our … with God.
- relationship
In the New Testament itself, we already see … …. within the substantial unity which becomes an important characteristic of Christian Worship.
- regional variances
About 155 A.D, Justin Martyr, in Rome, describes the Eucharist as occurring “on the day called Sunday”. … is the Greek word for “giving thanks”. The early church was soon using the term Eucharist to indicate …
- Eucharist
- communion
The water signifies inner baptism, the milk and honey signifies the promised land, and the wine the blood of Christ. The cup of milk and honey seems to have disappeared pretty soon afterward, but the water and wine has endured, signifying the … of people with Christ.
- union
Middle Ages:
- For various reasons, most people began to receive communion … frequently.
- less
In the twelfth century, …, the term to describe what Christians believe they experience in the Eucharist ( the bread and wine become the actual body of Christ) began to be used. During the middle ages, “popular piety” according to White, “always seemed to prefer … to philosophical explanations”.
- transubstantiation
- miraculous
The medieval period saw significant changes in the pastoral rites. The … became more and more essential and priests came to acquire power and control over both penance and healing.
- clergy
The church fathers increasingly based their theology on Old Testament traditions more than on the New Covenant, leading to serious … of the first century worship concepts, particularly in relation to the Lord’s Supper. Eventually, most folk participated only once a year, as they were obliged to do.
- distortions
The church fathers increasingly based their theology on Old Testament traditions more than on the New Covenant, leading to serious … of the first century worship concepts, particularly in relation to the Lord’s Supper. Eventually, most folk participated only once a year, as they were obliged to do.
- distortions
Another very distinct activity of the New Testament church was their observance of … prayer. “ They all met together and were constantly united in prayer” (Acts 1:14, NLT). Prayer was both personal and …
- daily
- corporate
About 530 AD, Benedict of Nursia developed a pattern of seven … during the day and one night office. This Western Monastic Cycle of the Daily Offices included:
- ... (at the end of the working day) - Compline ( before bedtime) - Nocturns or Vigils or Matins (during the middle of the night) - Lauds (at daybreak) - ... (shortly after daybreak) - Terce ( during the middle of the morning) - ... (at Noon) - None (during the middle of the afternoon)
- Vespers
- Prime
- Sext
Although worship wars have been seemingly more intense the past few years, “History reveals”, according to Borchert, “that differences of opinion about worship are .. new”.
- not
Church leaders were particularly cautious concerning … influence of music used for the worship service.
secular
The writings and decisions of the patristic church show a keen awareness of the power of … and a desire to guard Christians against … that would damage their faith. The identification of moral values with music and the resistance to the use of secularized music in the church are nearly as old as the church itself. Early church fathers were aware of the earlier Greek doctrine of ethos, which maintained that music has distinct moral qualities and effects.
- music
- music
Music was believed to have … to influence people along specific emotional and behavioral lines. Consequently, no innovations or foreign melodic material was admissible. It is not difficult to understand the church father’s attitude toward the secular music of their day, since the early church existed in the midst of a largely … civilization .
- power
- pagan
Although the New Testament Scriptures do not include mention of music and musical instruments extensively, they do contain important references. It is clear that the worship life of the early church was characterized:
- by the use of psalms and other forms of song. - It seems that much of the music was unaccompanied. - The harp and ... were sometimes used, but other instruments were found objectionable because of their association with pagan worship.
- lyre
Erickson noted that “much of what we know about early church music is from records of church decisions concerning what was … and what was not … Although we have plenty of sermons, we have no notation of music for several hundred years, but plenty of evidence for its use in worship.
- acceptable
- acceptable
Early singing was sung in unison. Some writers said that singing one voice in unison is a testimony to the unity of its members. Augustine confessed that the singing in the church of Milan contributed to his conversion, but at the same time he was concerned that the singing was too …
- attractive
He even pondered having music banished. But in general, singing was an important part of worship during the early centuries. White suggests the two primary purposes of hymns singing were “as a … tool as well as … to God”.
- teaching
- praise
Until this time, church music had been confined to monophonic melody. In the seventh century , the first step away from this tradition was the … This came as a result of a deeper theoretical fascination with music. It was the early attempts at breaking away from monophonic music to include crude forms of …
- organum
- harmony
According to Hustad, worship in the Middle Ages, “lost its spontaneity and congregational nature in the development of a fixed, complex liturgy performed by priests, with minimal congregational involvement. … singing was practically unknown as almost all the singing was done entirely by the clergy or choirs.
- Congregational
The Bohemian, John Huss (1369-1415) was an exception. Huss believed that the people had a right to share in the church’s …
- song
Martin Luther (1483-1546), the great figurehead of theological integrity for the Protestant church influenced a conservative and systematic transition from the priest-dominated worship of the Catholic Church to congregationally accessible evangelical services through … composition, liturgical reform, and music education.
- hymn
In musical matters, the fiery reformer described himself as being “overwhelmed by the diversity and magnitude of music’s virtue and benefits, “and that “next to the … of …, music deserves the highest praise.
- Word
- God
John Calvin (1509-1564) attempted to keep the doctrine … by allowing only the strict use of … in lyrics sung by the unaccompanied voice.
- pure
- Scripture
The Wesleyan revival, which later developed into the Methodist church, was accompanied by profuse use of music. Their American theology, which was a rejection of Calvinism, emphasized … responsibility in salvation and led to the creation of the first “invitational” songs and awakening of evangelistic fervor.
- personal
In the 19th century, the Methodist movement, the camp meeting movement, and the “Negro spirituals” had great influence on the American … The gospel song genre was developed during this period garnering a place of great importance in the evangelical heritage.
- hymns
Singing forms our … Songs not only state our faith, but by singing them, we come to believe what we say. We are stirred in our faith and strengthened.
- theology
Worship in the New Testament was largely confined to private … Indications are that they met in relatively small assemblies, often meeting behind locked doors.
- homes
In general, it was safer for Christians to worship in private homes for much of the first three centuries. After Constantine was converted, … churches began to appear.
- public
In the Middle Ages, … heavily influenced church and architecture, building the largest medieval church that imitated everywhere.
- monks
The five hundred years after the New Testament period saw changes in every aspect of Christian worship. During this time period, Christianity spread considerably. This growth of the Church brought in many different people with diverse cultures and languages. They each developed their own distinctive forms of worship, yet preserved an essential …
- unity
Congregations were established so quickly that it was impossible to train new converts to serve as pastors. Bishops began to write down acceptable worship orders and after several centuries of development, the liturgical … evolved.
- year
The western church year consists of:
1. … - (beginning four Sundays before Christmas), a time when believers remember God’s acts in creation, in the history of the Jewish people, and in the prophecies and the events leading up to Christ’s …
- Advent
- incarnation
The western church year consists of:
3. … - (forty days before Easter), begins with Ash Wednesday, is a period of penitence to prepare for Holy Week, and recalls Christ’s … days of temptation, and Israel’s … years of wandering in the desert.
- Lent
- forty
- forty
The western church year consists of:
6. Pentecost- commemorates the sending of the Holy Spirit and the establishing of the …, and initiates the second half of the church year.
- Church
The western church year consists of:
7. … Time- the emphasis is on God’s purposes for the Church in this “age of grace” and through the empowering of the Holy Spirit.
- Ordinary (constant)
- Proper(changeable)
During each season and on each particular day of the church year, the scripture readings, the prayers, and the sermons match the theological emphasis of that season and day. The changeable parts of the liturgy are called the .. ; while the constant portion of the liturgy is called the …
- Propers
- Ordinary
John Calvin (1509-1564) attempted to return to the simple cultic practices of the early church. He ignored the church … except for the primary feast days and rejected the use of the lectionary reading, and the prayers were allowed to be improvised in the ancient and New Testament practice.
- calender
… usually make an intentional effort to have a more free style of worship that does not follow the church year. The church year is primarily taught for historical significance.
- Pentecostalsk
The primary activities of early Christian worship were
a. Receiving … (Word)
b. Celebrating the resurrected Lord at table (Table).
- instruction
These two foci have become captured in the terms “Word” and “Table”. Soon the times of worship occurring around the Word and Table were expanded to include times of gathering and parting.
- Four general parts to the sequence emerged:
- Gathering (sometimes called entrance)
- …
- …
- Sending (sometimes called …)
- ** The gathering***
1. To unite our spirit’s in God’s presence.
2. To prepare us to hear the Word of God.
- Word
- Table
- dismissal
The fourfold order has precedence in Scripture and in the early church history .
1. We ... into God's presence 2. We hear God ... 3. We celebrate at God's Table ( Response to the ...) 4. We are dismissed
- enter
- speak
- Word
The purpose of the sending is for worshipers to be empowered by a blessing (benediction) and to God’s will (charge). We are blessed for a … A good change will provide the feeling of being sent.
- purpose
Preaching had always been a part of Christianity, but in the early centuries it developed into a highly skilled art form and a vital part of worship. The … is said to have originated when John Chrysostom (c.347-407).
- pulpit
The twelfth century saw preaching used as the chief means of enlisting support. … begin to appear in churches for the first time, By the time the 1500’s rolled around pew were common.
- Pews
Martin Luther (1483-1546) is remembered as the individual who gave the German people the Bible and the hymnbook in their own …, to implement the recovery of the doctrine of believer- priesthood and also restored the sermon to its central place in the worship service.
- language
Hustad remains that the modern evangelical movements are about “a singleness and simplicity of message– that human beings are estranged from God, and that we can be …, reconciled, and transformed through the grace of God, because of the life, death and resurrection of Jesus Christ, a message of sin, grace and salvation.
- forgiven
The Pentecostal Movement, birthed early in the twentieth century, is considered the first post-Enlightenment tradition in that it has inhibitions about experiencing the reality of God’s … in worship. The growth of Pentecostalism was fueled by its lively …, emphasis on …, and call for renewal.
- presence
- worship
- experience
Pentecostals believe that the truth sprang from the pages of Scripture and that no one could find … for life by studying the experience and practice of the apostolic church.
- patterns
Ulrich Zwingli (1484-1531) intended to establish a pure and spiritual worship. He felt that medieval liturgy was a hindrance to pure worship; he therefore removed all the icons, and … vestments from worship. He was convinced that was faith comes through the Holy Spirit without any … channels or external means.
- organs
- physical
John Calvin (1509-1564) wanted to strip the church of unnecessary traditions and return the church to the purity of the early church, both in … and in worship.
- doctrine
The anti-liturgical stance of the Free Church movement rejected:
1. the use of ... prayers 2. the use of a prayer book for worship. 3. all sacraments, rites, vestments and ordained ministry.
- written
During the 17th and 18th centuries, the emphasis was on the mind and knowing God by teaching the Word of God. Worship usually involved a long … and discussion; thus the church was seen as a school and the sanctuary a classroom setting.
- sermon
In the 19th century, worship began to focus on … God. The goal of worship was conversion. not knowledge. The preacher’s central concern was not the increase of knowledge, but the response and repentance of the heart.
- experiencing
Conservative church denominations were embracing liberalism, and rather than American churches Christianizing the culture, America was less Christian than it had ever been. Recognizing the spiritual lethargy for what it was the, … movement was formed.
- Holiness
Pentecostal theologian, Dr. Talmadge French states that “ of varied religious movements, impulses, and influences which gave rise to early Pentecostalism, restorationism, as a yearning for a return to pristine New Testament Christianity was the most dominant:. French, asserts that Oneness Pentecostalism advocated “ a return to the New Testament baptismal … and understanding of the Godhead… that is “centered in a pietism, or spirituality, which was highly christocentric.
- formula
David Norris contends the “modern Pentecostal movement can be traced theologically to Charles Parham in 1901 and numerically to William Seymour and the … … revival in 1906.
- Azusa Street
Thoro Harris, a leader in the early Oneness Pentecostal Movement, penned the song, “Baptized in Jesus Name” in 1916 which turned into a rallying cry for the movement. “Today I gladly bear the bittern scorn, reproach and shame … I count the … praise of men but loss, baptized in Jesus Name”.
- worthless
Another very influential leader of the Apostolic movement, …, composed, “The Name of Names”. Manna true came down from heaven, bearing with it Jesus’ name, held in mystery through the ages, now ‘tis spoken clear and plain; Christ in you, hope of glory, Lord of heaven, Lord of hosts; and Jesus us the name of the Father, Son and Holy Ghost.
- G.T Haywood
The Oneness Pentecostal movement teaches the biblical, apostolic, Christian doctrine of God, which is commonly called …, excludes the doctrine of the trinity.
- Oneness
The doctrine of Oneness can be stated in two affirmations:
1. God is absolutely and indivisibly one with no distinction of ... 2. Jesus Christ is all the fullness of the ... incarnate (John 20:28;Col 2:9)
- persons
- godhead
The UPCI believes their conception of the … is true to early Christianity’s strict monotheism.
- Godhead
The Deity that Christians worship has many names and titles. such as God, Jehovah, Lord, Father, Word, and Holy Spirit, but all refer to one and the same …
- being
The doctrine of Oneness asserts that “these various names and titles simply denote:
1. ... 2. roles 3. relationships to humanity 4. modes of activity 5. aspects of God's self-revelation
- manifestations
When the Trinitarian formulation, or an approximation thereof, appears in the New Testament, there is usually a strong suggestion that the different terms used … the same living reality.
- express
Evidence exists that many believers throughout church history were Oneness. Bernard believes that many were … and … and their written works were destroyed by official Christendom. Many so-called … were really Oneness believers. In spite of its violent opposition, the Oneness belief survived.
- persecuted
- martyred
- heretics
To worship in “spirit and truth”, we must look to the Word of God for … We must seek after his Spirit to illuminate his Word and to guide us into all … (John 16:13).
- revelation
