Chapter 3 Test Flashcards
What did the microscpe invention make possible
see germs and diseases (incredibly small things)
Describe a cell’s size
very small, can’t see with a naked eye, and microscopic
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek
studied water sources and found animalcules also created the first microscope
Robert Hooke!
cork trees have cells that are no longer alive and was the first to call them cells ( “Father of the Microscope” )
Mattias Schleiden
all plants are made of cells
Theodor Shwann
all animals have cells and all living things have cells
Rudolf Virchow
proposed that cells come from cells
Define unicellalar and multicellular
unicellular-single celled organisms multicellular- many celled organism
What is the differencebetween a tissue, organ, and organ system!
tissue- a group of similar cells that work together to perfor a specific function organ- made of different tissues that work together organ system- a group of organs that work together to perform a major function
Cell theory!
all living things are composed of cells
cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things
all cells are produced from other cells
DNA & RNA are examples of
nucleic acid/chromotin
Lipid
are energy rich organic compounds made of carbon, hydrogen & oxygen
Protein
are large organic molecules made of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen & phosphorous (nucleic acids and amino acids)
Nucleic Acids!
are very long organic molecules made of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and phosphorous (proteins and amino acids)
carbohydrate
an energy-rich organic compound made of the elements carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
Enzyme!
is a type of protein that speeds up a chemical reaction in a living thing
Diffusion
the process by which molecules move from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration (experiment - egg & sugar)
Osmosis!
The diffusion of water molecules through a selectively permeable membrane
Active transport
the movement of materals through a cell membrane using cellular energy
Forced transport
the movement of materials through a cell membrane without using the cell’s energy
What are the basic units of structure and function in living things?
Cells
Amino acids are made up of
Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen & nitrogen (proteins and nucleic acids)
Can compounds be broken down into smaller substances?
Yes
Organic compounds contain what elements? !
Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen & nitrogen
List the levels of organization in multi-cellular organisms
cells, tissues, organs, the organ system
Explain the importance of the cell membrane to the survival of the cell
It protects it and acts as a selectively permeable membrane
Why is it important for a cell to be selectively permeable?
It’s important because cells must let in needed materials but waste materials must move out (healthy levels of water)
What would happen to cells or a fresh water organism if it was placed in salt water?
Osmosis (die)
What are 5 ways you can distinguish an animal cell from a plant cell
color, shape, plants have cell walls, plants have chloroplast, animals have lysosomes
Chloroplast are found only in the cells of what organisms?
Plants
The ability to clearly distinguish individual parts of an object is called
Resolution
Explain the difference between active and passive transport.
Active transport is the movement of materials through a cell membrane using cellular energy. Passive transport is the movement of dissolved materials through a cell membrane without using cellular energy.
What is the smallest unit of an element?
An atom
What are the effects of osmosis?
Protects the cell from bad stuff, lets in good stuff (lets in what’s needed)
Who was the first scientist to see what he called tiny animals?
Anton Van Leewanhouk
Which of the following is not made of cells, a pile of sand or a dog?
A pile of sand
Which type of organic compound includes sugar and starches?
Carbohydrates (carbs)
Which cell organelle becomes more numerous when the cell is active?
mitochondria
Which type of transport requires a cell to use its own energy?
Active transport
Water inside a cell is stored in what organelle?
The vacuole
DNA material can also be called this:
Chromotin
Diffusion of water through a selectivley permeable membrane is called…
Osmosis
Amino acids are made of these things:
Nucleic acids and proteins
What compounds always contain carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen and oxygen?
Organic compounds (living)
