Chapter 3 Test Flashcards
A natural power that acts on an object
Force
The force that makes object fall towards Earth’s center
Gravity
A very small fragment of a much larger object
Particle
A group of parts that work together as a whole
System
The ability to do work
Energy
The relatively thin envelope of gases that forms Earth’s outermost layer
Atmosphere
3 main parts: a metal core, a solid middle layer, and a rocky outer layer
Geosphere
Contains all of Earths water
Hydrosphere
The parts of Earth that contain living organisms
Biosphere
Forces that construct, or build up
Constructive forces
Destroy and wear away landmasses through a process like erosion and weathering
Destructive Forces
Waves that travel through the Earth
Seismic Waves
A force pressing on an area
Pressure
the layer of rock that forms Earth
Crust
A dark, fine-grained rock
Basalt
A rock that usually is a light color and has coarse grains
Granite
A layer of hot rock
Mantle
The crust and the uppermost mantle formed into a single layer
Lithosphere
Hotter, under increased pressure, less rigid, and can bend like a spoon
Asthenosphere
A layer of molten metal
Outer Core
A dense ball of solid metal
Inner Core
Moving water that goes down land
Runoff
tiny grooves from in the soil from runoff
Rills
a large groove, or channel, in the soil that carries runoff after a rainstorm
Gully
A channel along which water is continually flowing down a slope
Stream
A stream or river that flows into a larger river
Tributary
the flat, wide area of land along a river
Flood Plain
A loop-like bend in the course of a river
Meander
a meander that has been cut off from the river
Oxbow Lake
sediment deposited where a river flows into an ocean or lake builds up a landform
Delta
A wide, sloping deposit of sediment formed where a stream leaves a mountain range
Alluvial Fan
underground water
Groundwater
a deposit that hangs like an icicle from the roof of a cave
Stalactite
Slow dripping builds up a cone-shaped thing from the cave floor
Stalagmite
Rainy region, deep valleys, caverns, and sinkhole landscape
Karst Topography
A large mass of ice that moves slowly over land
Glacier
A large glacier that covers much of a continent or a large island
Continental Glacier
A time where continental glaciers covered large parts of Earth’s surface
Ice Ages
A long, narrow glacier that forms when snow and ice build up high in a mountain valley
Valley Glacier
When a glacier picks up rocks
Plucking
A mixture of sediments that a glacier deposits directly on the surface
Till
The till deposited at the edges of a glacier
Moraine
A small depression that forms when a chunk of ice is left in glacial till
Kettle
A bowl-shaped hollow eroded by a glacier
Cirque
When a glacier carves away the sides of a mountain , the result is a sharpened peak
Horn
The level of sea rises, filling a valley once cut by a glacier
Fiord
A sharp ridge separating 2 cirques
Arete
A large lake in a large basin that is left behind from a glacier
Glacial Lake
A valley that is shaped like a U from a flowing glacier
U-shaped Valley
A long mound of till that is smoothed in the direction of the glaciers flow
Drumlin
A part of the shore that sticks out in the ocean
Headland
An area of wave-washed sediment along the coast
Beach
A current that runs parallel to the coastline
Longshore Drift
A beach that projects like a finger out into the water
Spit
