Chapter 3 Spinal Cord

Question 1

Termination of the spinal cord in the term newborn
A. Upper border of L2
B. Lower border of L2
C. Upper border of L3
D. Lower border of L3

Answer 1

D. Lower border of L3 (p. 46)

Question 2

Termination of the spinal cord in the adult
A. Between L1 and L2
B. Between L2 and L3
C. Between L3 and L4
D. Between L4 and L5

Answer 2

A. Between L1 and L2 (p. 46)

Question 3

The spinal epidural space is largest at which level of the vertebral column?
A. L1
B. L2
C. L3
D. L4

Answer 3

B. L2 (p. 47)

Question 4

The Onuf’s nucleus at S1-4 is characteristically spared in ALS
A. True
B. False

Answer 4

A. True (p. 50)

Question 5

Which of the following tracts DO NOT facilitate flexor motor neurons?
A. Corticospinal tract
B. Rubrospinal tract
C. Medullary reticulospinal tract
D. Pontine reticulospinal tract
R. Medial vestibulospinal tract

Answer 5

D. Pontine reticulospinal tract (p. 61)

Question 6

Which of the following is incorrectly grouped?
A. Serotonin - raphe nucleus - pons
B. Norepinephrine - locus ceruleus - rostral pons/caudal midbrain
C. Enkephalin - periaqueductal gray - midbrain
D. None of the above

Answer 6

A. Serotonin - raphe nucleus - pons (p. 62)

Question 7

Neurotransmitter of primary nociceptive and non-nociceptive afferents in the dorsal horn
A. Substance P
B. Somatostatin
C. VIP
D. Serotonin

Answer 7

A. Substance P (p. 62)

Question 8

Major neurotransmitter in visceral (especially pelvic) afferents and is found abundantly in lumbosacral segments of the cord
A. Substance P
B. Somatostatin
C. VIP
D. Serotonin

Answer 8

C. VIP (p. 63)

Question 9

Which of the following nerves carry sympathetic innervation to the urinary bladder?
A. Hypogastric nerve
B. Pelvic splanchnic nerve
C. Nervi erigentes
D. Pudendal nerve

Answer 9

A. Hypogastric nerve (p. 64)

Question 10

Which of the following nerves carry parasympathetic innervation to the urinary bladder?
A. Hypogastric nerve
B. Pelvic splanchnic nerve
C. Pudendal nerve
D. None of the above

Answer 10

B. Pelvic splanchnic nerve (p. 64)

Question 11

Which of the following nerves carry somatic innervation to the urinary bladder?
A. Hypogastric nerve
B. Pelvic splanchnic nerve
C. Nervi erigentes
D. Pudendal nerve

Answer 11

D. Pudendal nerve (p. 64)

Question 12

Which of the following nerves innervate the external urethral sphincter?
A. Hypogastric nerve
B. Pelvic splanchnic nerve
C. Pudendal nerve
D. None of the above

Answer 12

C. Pudendal nerve (p. 64)

Question 13

The following nerves innervate the smooth muscle of the bladder wall and internal urethral sphincter EXCEPT
A. Hypogastric nerve
B. Pelvic splanchnic nerve
C. Pudendal nerve
D. None of the above

Answer 13

C. Pudendal nerve (p. 64)

Question 14

Which regions of the spinal cord are most vulnerable to compromise in blood flow?
A. C1-4
B. C4-7
C. T1-4 and L1
D. L5-S1

Answer 14

C. T1-4 and L1 (p. 67)

Question 15

Serotonin is produced in which of the following?*
A. Raphe nucleus
B. Locus ceruleus
C. Periaqueductal gray matter
D. Hypothalamus
E. Basal nucleus of Meynert

Answer 15

A. Raphe nucleus (p. 62)

Question 16

A patient suffered a crushing injury to the chest and subsequently developed decreased sensation in T1-4 dermatomes. Which arterial supply of the spine is involved?*
A. Vertebral arteries
B. Deep cervical arteries
C. Intercostal arteries
D. Iliolumbar arteries

Answer 16

C. Intercostal arteries (p. 67)

Question 17

Light touch pathway*
A. Lateral spinothalamic tract
B. Anterior spinothalamic tract
C. Tract of Barnes
D. Spinocervical tract

Answer 17

B. Anterior spinothalamic tract (Table 3-5, p. 51)