Chapter 3: Soil And The Geosphere Flashcards
Matter
Anything that has mass and takes up space.
Define System and Name Components
Components that function and interact in some regular and theoretically understandable manner.
High Quality Matter
Matter with a lot of usable energy, is concentrated, and found near the Earth’s surface.
Low Quality Matter
Dilute matter with low potential to be used as a resource.
Law of Conservation of Matter
Matter can neither be created or destroyed. Matter only changes form.
First Law of Thermodynamics
Energy can neither be created or destroyed, only changes form.
Second Law of Thermodynamics
When energy changes form, the energy usability decreases.
Kinetic Energy
Energy in motion
Potential Energy
Stored Energy
Elecrtromagnetic Radiation
Waves, and light.
Convection
Circulation of heat from source at the bottom.
Conduction
Heat is transported from the solid.
Radiation
Heat is emitted out wards from the solid.
What is kind of system is sunlight?
Open System
What kind of system is the recycling of water and nutrients on earth?
Closed System
Positive Feedback
Continuous system that moves forward.
Negative Feedback
Causes system to change direction.
Low-Throughput Economy
Economy with a recycling system that conserves waste and pollution.
High-Throughput Economy
Economy which uses a lot of energy, which leads to waste and pollution.
How are CO2 and temperature related?
They are directly related, so as CO2 rises, temperature rises.
How old is the Earth?
4.5 Billion years old
Pangea
Supercontinent which was formed due to tectonic plate movements.
Name layers of the Earth.
Crust, Lithosphere, Asthenosphere, Mantle, Outer Core, and Inner Core.
Convection in Plate Tectonics
The convection currents in the asthenosphere caused plate movements.
Heat Source for Asthenosphere Convection
Core
Subduction
Sinking of one plate under another.
Divergence
Plates moving away from another. Forms for crust.
Convergence
Plates come together and push up on one another.
Transformation
When plates slide past each other.
Oceanic-Oceanic crusts
One sinks, and can form volcanoes or trenches.
Oceanic-Continental Crusts
Oceanic sinks due to density, can form volcanoes or mountains.
Continental-Continental Crusts
One subducts and forms mountains.
Subduction
When one plate sinks under another.
Ring of Fire
Volcanoes centralized around the Pacific Plates.
Caldera Volcano
Volcano which had collapsed forming a depressed volcano.
Cinder Cone Volcano
Simple volcano made from blobs of lava through a single vents.
Stratovolcanoes
Built of layers of ash and volcanoes.
Shield Volcanoes
Countless outpourings of lava.
Benefits of Volcanoes
Create new soil and vegetation rises.
Harmful Effects of Volcanoes
Bury land, and gives off greenhouse gases.
New Madrid Fault
Fault line in Tennessee
San Andreas Fault
Transformation fault in California.
Erosion
Removal and transportation of earths surface material by natural agent.
Weathering
Physical, Chemical, or Biological breakdown of rocks to form soil.
Name three types of rocks.
Igneous, Metamorphic, and Sedimentary.
Five Influences on Soil
Climate, Time, biological activity, terrain, and geology.
Loam
Best type of soil which can effectively contain water and nutrients.
