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AP Environmental Science > Chapter 3: Soil And The Geosphere > Flashcards

Chapter 3: Soil And The Geosphere Flashcards

0
Q

Matter

A

Anything that has mass and takes up space.

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1
Q

Define System and Name Components

A

Components that function and interact in some regular and theoretically understandable manner.

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2
Q

High Quality Matter

A

Matter with a lot of usable energy, is concentrated, and found near the Earth’s surface.

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3
Q

Low Quality Matter

A

Dilute matter with low potential to be used as a resource.

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4
Q

Law of Conservation of Matter

A

Matter can neither be created or destroyed. Matter only changes form.

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5
Q

First Law of Thermodynamics

A

Energy can neither be created or destroyed, only changes form.

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6
Q

Second Law of Thermodynamics

A

When energy changes form, the energy usability decreases.

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7
Q

Kinetic Energy

A

Energy in motion

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8
Q

Potential Energy

A

Stored Energy

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9
Q

Elecrtromagnetic Radiation

A

Waves, and light.

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10
Q

Convection

A

Circulation of heat from source at the bottom.

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11
Q

Conduction

A

Heat is transported from the solid.

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12
Q

Radiation

A

Heat is emitted out wards from the solid.

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13
Q

What is kind of system is sunlight?

A

Open System

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14
Q

What kind of system is the recycling of water and nutrients on earth?

A

Closed System

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15
Q

Positive Feedback

A

Continuous system that moves forward.

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16
Q

Negative Feedback

A

Causes system to change direction.

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17
Q

Low-Throughput Economy

A

Economy with a recycling system that conserves waste and pollution.

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18
Q

High-Throughput Economy

A

Economy which uses a lot of energy, which leads to waste and pollution.

19
Q

How are CO2 and temperature related?

A

They are directly related, so as CO2 rises, temperature rises.

20
Q

How old is the Earth?

A

4.5 Billion years old

21
Q

Pangea

A

Supercontinent which was formed due to tectonic plate movements.

22
Q

Name layers of the Earth.

A

Crust, Lithosphere, Asthenosphere, Mantle, Outer Core, and Inner Core.

23
Q

Convection in Plate Tectonics

A

The convection currents in the asthenosphere caused plate movements.

24
Q

Heat Source for Asthenosphere Convection

A

Core

25
Q

Subduction

A

Sinking of one plate under another.

26
Q

Divergence

A

Plates moving away from another. Forms for crust.

27
Q

Convergence

A

Plates come together and push up on one another.

28
Q

Transformation

A

When plates slide past each other.

29
Q

Oceanic-Oceanic crusts

A

One sinks, and can form volcanoes or trenches.

30
Q

Oceanic-Continental Crusts

A

Oceanic sinks due to density, can form volcanoes or mountains.

31
Q

Continental-Continental Crusts

A

One subducts and forms mountains.

32
Q

Subduction

A

When one plate sinks under another.

33
Q

Ring of Fire

A

Volcanoes centralized around the Pacific Plates.

34
Q

Caldera Volcano

A

Volcano which had collapsed forming a depressed volcano.

35
Q

Cinder Cone Volcano

A

Simple volcano made from blobs of lava through a single vents.

36
Q

Stratovolcanoes

A

Built of layers of ash and volcanoes.

37
Q

Shield Volcanoes

A

Countless outpourings of lava.

38
Q

Benefits of Volcanoes

A

Create new soil and vegetation rises.

39
Q

Harmful Effects of Volcanoes

A

Bury land, and gives off greenhouse gases.

40
Q

New Madrid Fault

A

Fault line in Tennessee

41
Q

San Andreas Fault

A

Transformation fault in California.

42
Q

Erosion

A

Removal and transportation of earths surface material by natural agent.

43
Q

Weathering

A

Physical, Chemical, or Biological breakdown of rocks to form soil.

44
Q

Name three types of rocks.

A

Igneous, Metamorphic, and Sedimentary.

45
Q

Five Influences on Soil

A

Climate, Time, biological activity, terrain, and geology.

46
Q

Loam

A

Best type of soil which can effectively contain water and nutrients.

AP Environmental Science (1 decks)

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