Chapter 3 - Social Developments Flashcards
What was the baby boom
Rise in the number of babies born in the years after the war
What happened to make living standards increase
In 1951 Britain’s infrastructure rundown and desperate need for housing developments pre-war slums cleared and towns built increase in car ownership men’s weekly wage increased from £8.30 in 1951 15.35 and 61 farmers did well economically due to the state subsidies homeownership increased helped by easy access to cheap mortgages
What was the most obvious sign of affluence
Said in ownership of consumer goods example televisions at washing machines refrigerators and furniture this was helped by higher purchase
What caused such affluence in Britain
Advertising industry ITV created in 1955 and people were able to see consumer goods in between programs
What were the developments in TV
1957 to 59 the number of households owning a TV rose by 32% by 1960 there were 10 million TV sets and use 50% of population watched TV in the evening TV became more popular than radio
What hobbies were developed in the post war prosperity and why
People had more time and money to develop hobbies such as DIY and gardening
Effects of car ownership
25% ownership increase between 1957 and 59 created a greater demand for roads to be built including the motorway in 1950 8K travel which change holiday and leisure destination is e.g. Butlins housing developments post outside towns and cities
Where class loyalty is strong and why
Yes in general actions in the 1951 election 65% of working-class voted labour 80% of middle-class voted Conservative
Why were there gradual breakdowns of social restrictions
Series crisis in 1956 exposed lying and manipulation by the government the rise of CND From 1958 encouraged tendency to challenge authority Britain became more individualistic and less conformist the Siete less willing to follow the lead of establishment
What was the position of women in the 50s
The ideal woman in the 50s was a wife and mother the average age of marriage was 21 and 75% of all women were married one in five women went to work women were given family allowance so that they did not need to work the welfare state at this time was first on full employment for men
How did the position of women change by 1964
Trade unions did not support women working as they believed it would lower wages for those women that did work there were some improvements mainly for middle-class women equal pay for teachers act 1952 and for civil servant’s 1954 domestic life was also improved as households owning a washing machine rose by 54% and refrigerator by 58% nevertheless second wave feminism was beginning in the US and would spread to Britain by the later 1960s
What were the attitudes towards Commonwealth and why did this cause the social tension
Attitudes towards the new Commonwealth were enthusiastic but they caused social tension as aN influx of immigrants arrived starting in 1958 about 250,000 immigrants arrived in Britain. Hi 1958 210,000 common wealth immigrants have settled in Britain the authorities regarded immigration as economically desirable as they could fill the lower wage jobs that nobody wanted however this caused racial tensions in the 50s
What were Nigger hunts
White youth gangs in Nottingham in 1958 went on what they called nigger hunts after pub brawls and in Notting Hill riots broke out the same year because Notting Hill had a large concentration of immigrants from the Caribbean as landlords exploited tenants with overcrowded housing
Who was Oswald Mosley and what did he do
He was a Conservative MP that set up that British union of Fascists he tried to stand in the 1959 election as a union movement candidate
What did the racial violence resulting
The Commonwealth immigration act 1962 to live a strongly oppose the legislation as they were reluctant to use legislation towards immigrants from countries with historic British lines
What was the emergence of the teenager and youth culture and why did this happen
There was a youth culture because they’ve had more time girls are no longer had to help their mothers at home and boys no longer had to take part in the national service after 1960 they were called the teenager because they dressed differently to their parents listened to new music went to coffee bars and it was the baby boom that increased the number of teenagers a survey in 1959 estimated that there was 5 million teenagers in Britain about 10% of the population increase in amount meant that they had more visible economical important young people had money which meant they could buy their own music and fashion and thus creating their own culture changes in technology like the radio help spread the culture through magazines and TV programmes
What were Teddy boys
In the early 1950s the teddy boys were the most obvious youth subculture there derived from Edwardian fashion long courts in our trousers males and challenged social order they were a wolverine problem because of their link with juvenile and delinquency however by the late 1950s they were replaced by the mods and rockers rock ‘n’ roll which Britain in 1955 with the lives of Elvis Presley
What where mods and rockers
Rockers road motorcycles wall leather and listen to rock ‘n’ roll mods road scooters were smart suits and preferred sophisticated pop music there were numerous clashes between the mugs and lockers in the early 1960s but larger scale I’ll be in in the south coast holiday resort of Claxton market and Brighton in 1964 the public responded with moral panic exaggerating the violent
What were the changing social attitudes and tensions
The rising tensions were often reflected in popular film and television programmes such as clockwork Orange and gang violence
