Chapter 3 - Settling the Northern Colonies Flashcards
what drew the first settlers to the southern colonies?
tobacco leaves
they were after riches, which the tobacco leaves supplied them
what shaped the early settlements of the northern colonies? (New England and Mid-Atlantic region)
religious devotion
who denounced the authority of the priests and popes in 1517?
Martin Luther
the German friar Martin Luther nailed his protests against Catholic doctrines to the door of Wittenberg’s cathedral in 1517, declaring the Bible alone was the source of God’s words
who started the Protestant Reformation?
Martin Luther
German friar Martin Luther started the Protestant Reformation ignite a fire of religious reform, reigning across Europe for over a century
what religious leader elaborated Martin Luther’s ideas?
John Calvin of Geneva
wrote Institutes of the Christian Religion in 1536, his basic doctrine in Latin, elaborating Martin Luther’s ideas
who formed the ideas of Calvinism?
John Calvin of Geneva
John Calvin of Geneva formed Calvinism supporting the idea of predestination, which would be the dominant theological credo of many religious groups
who formed the Protestant Church?
King Henry VIII
after breaking his ties with the Roman Catholic Church in the 1530s, King Henry VIII, he formed the Protestant Church
who were the supporters of King Henry VIII that wanted to see Catholicism being removed from England?
Puritans
in the 1530s, the Puritans wanted to see Catholicism quickly leaving England
what were the small group of Puritans named who broke away from the Protestant Church?
Separatists
a small group of Puritans, named the Separatists, broke away from the Church of England (Protestant) because they found the fact that the saints had to share pews with the damned to be unholy
who was the Scottish head of both the state and the church in England from 1603 to 1625?
King James I
he feared his subjects defying them as their political leader after the Protestant Reformation, so threatened to banish the Separatists from England
why did the most famous group of Separatists depart for Holland?
to search for religious freedom
in 1608, the most famous congregation of Separatists fled royal wrath to Holland where they could live and die as English men and women and purified Protestants
where did the group of Separatists settle once arriving on the coast of New England in 1620?
Plymouth Bay
who was the Indian fighter and negotiator that was prominent among the non-belongers of the Mayflower?
Captain Myles Standish
what is the document signed by the Pilgrim leaders before disembarking the Mayflower?
Mayflower Compact
the Mayflower Compact was a simple agreement signed by 41 adult males to form a crude self-government and to submit to the will of the majority under the regulations agreed upon.
what year was the first thanksgiving day in new england?
1621
who was the self-taught leader elected as governor of the Pilgrims 30 times?
William Bradford
William Bradford was a self-taught scholar who read Hebrew, Greek, Latin, French, and Dutch.
what was formed by a group of non-Separatist Puritans in 1629?
Massachusetts Bay Company
a royal charter was secured by a group of non-Separatist Puritans out of fear for their faith and England’s future
what was dismissed by Charles I in 1629?
English Parliament
what was approved by Charles I?
anti-Puritan persecutions by Archbishop William Laud
what was it called when about 70,000 refugees left England for America in the 1630s?
the Great Migration of the 1630s
most refugees left England for the warm and fertile West Indies, especially the sugar-rich island of Barbados
who was Bay Colony’s first governor?
John Winthrop
served as governor for 19 years
what type of people did John Winthrop think could not rule?
“commoners”
John Winthrop did not like democracy
why did John Winthrop believe he should govern?
the calling of God
John Winthrop believed he had a calling from God to lead the new religious experiment
what place rapidly shot up to be the biggest and most influential of the New England outposts?
Massachusetts Bay Colony
thanks to John Winthrop, Massachusetts prospered in fur trading, fishing, and shipbuilding
what type of residents were not allowed to vote?
non-religious residents
what group of people were described by “visible saints”?
puritans
what poem was written by Michael Wigglesworth?
The Day of the Doom in 1662
who wrote “The Day of the Doom” in 1662?
Michael Wigglesworth
who challenged the church and puritan orthodoxy and was therefore banned from the Massachusetts Bay Colony?
Anne Hutchinson
who was the extreme Separatist to challenge the church and was banished from the Massachusetts Bay Colony
Roger Williams
who emigrated to Massachusetts to avoid persecution for his criticism of the Church of England?
John Cotton
John Cotton was a very devoted Puritan
in what year was the New Haven established?
1638
who led the Boston Puritans settling into the Hartford area?
Reverend Thomas Hooker
Hartford was founded in 1635
what was the document drafted by the settlers of the new Connecticut River colony?
Fundamental Orders
this was basically considered to be a constitution
who fled to the Rhode Island area in 1636?
Roger Williams
there, he was able to establish religious freedom for all kinds of people
who was the Wampanoag chieftain?
Massasoit
Massasoit signed a treaty with the Plymouth Pilgrims in 1621
what was formed by 4 colonies to defend against enemies in 1643?
New England confederation
this consisted of only Puritan colonies: two Massachussetts colonies and two Connecticut colonies
