Chapter 3 Review Flashcards
What is limited government
The principle that political leaders are answerable to other branches of government, to their peers, and to their constitutes for the decisions.
What problem did the great compromise settle?
The problem over the number of representatives from each state, how representatives are chosen, and how many chambers in Congress.
Which philosopher would most likely agree with Thomas Jefferson statement “experience hath shewn, that even under the best forms of government those entrusted with absolute power have, in time, and by slow operations, perverted it into tyranny.”?
Rousseau
What is the supremacy clause and where in the constitution is it found
It is a statement written in article 6 of the US Constitution that states that the Constitution is the supreme law of the land
What was the 3/5 compromise
It was a compromise between northern and southern states about whether or not to count slaves as part of the population. The northern states wanted slaves to count for tax purposes in the southern states wanted slaves to count population. The compromise reached declared that only three out of every five slaves would be counted
What is true about the US Constitution
It has seven articles, it has a preamble, it has 27 amendments, it is a detailed plan for the government, it was signed by 39 of the 55 delegates
What were the components of Virginia’s plan
Recommended a bicameral legislator, upper house would be chosen by the lower house, lower house would be elected by the people/number of representatives would be determined by population, national executive would be chosen by the upper house, large state plan, national executive would choose the Supreme Court
Are some examples of reserved powers
Reserved powers are those powers side to side for the states some examples are controlled public education, punish criminals, pass marriage laws, conduct elections, and establish local governments
Who is considered the father of the Constitution
James Madison
What did federalists believe
Strong central government, supported the ratification of the Constitution, the federal government cannot overpower the states, because it has very defined powers, Supreme Court is the weakest branch because it cannot pass laws, the Constitution does not need a bill of rights because nothing in the Constitution allows the government to limit peoples freedom in the first place
What is the rule of law
Rule of law means that no one is above the law
What does the rule of law look like in practice
President can be impeached, the laws are clear, publicize, stable, and just, and are applied evenly, justice is delivered by neutral members in the community through jury trial, the processes by which the laws are in acted administered and enforced do a volunteer law enforcement office, congressional leaders can’t be investigated and removed from office
Which of the following principles of government does the preamble to the US Constitution best represent
Self government
What are the facts about the constitutional convention
It was held between May 14, 1787 to September 17, 1787, took place in Philadelphia Pennsylvania, sought to replace the articles of confederation with a new government since the articles could not be fixed, there were 55 delegates, George Washington was the president of the convention
What was the New Jersey plan
Small state plan, unicameral legislature where each state gets the same number of representatives, several people would make up the executive office, national executive appoints the Supreme Court
What are examples of checks and balances
Congress approves presidential nominations and controls the budget, I can pass laws of the presidents Vito you can impeach the president and remove him or her from the office, the president can veto congressional legislation, president nominates judges, the court to declare presidential ask unconstitutional, the court can declareLaws unconstitutional, and the Senate confirms the presidents nomination is in Congress can impeach judges and remove them from the office
What do anti-federalists believe
Wanted A Bill of Rights, the constitution says federal laws are the supreme law of the land so the federal government could just take complete control, a small republic is better than a larger public, no slaves, supreme court too powerful because the judges do not answer to the people
The fact that you do not need a passport to go from California to Nebraska, the fact that each state has the same Curren$y, the fact that you have to pay both state and federal taxes, or the fact that there are federal, state, and local laws is due to ______________.
Federalism
What are enumerated powers
Enumerated powers are those powers directly granted to the national government by the Constitution. Some examples are Levy tariffs, declare war, sign treaties, print money, establish post offices, and maintain Armed Forces
What are concurrent powers
Powers shared by both the federal government and the state government. Some examples are raise tax money, borrow money, take land for public use, maintain law and order
What are the characteristics of America being a republic
Supreme power held by the people, people elect representatives to congress, the president is elected not appointed
Which philosopher developed the idea of separation of powers
Montesquieu
What is an example of separation of power
Federal government divided into three branches with each branch having their own unique, defined powers
Which state was the last state to ratify the constitution
Rhode Island
How many different ways can the constitution be formally amended
Four
What is the only item that both the Virginia plan and the New Jersey plan agreed on
That the national executive would appoint the Supreme Court
Are the major principles of government
Limited government, self government, will of law, individual rights, due process, separation of powers, and checks and balances
What English influences inspired Americans as inclusion of the Bill of Rights into the US Constitution
English bill of rights, John Locke‘s two treatises of government, Voltaire
How does the US constitution depict the governmental principle of self government
Preamble, the ability of citizens to elect their representatives
What were the major differences between the Federalist and anti-Federalist
Federalists supported the ratification of the Constitution/ anti-federalists the night, federalists did not support the inclusion of the Bill of Rights/anti-federalist did, federalist supported a strong national government/anti-federalist supported strong state government’s
What event caused the founding fathers to reevaluate the effectiveness of the articles of confederation
Shays rebellion
What were the weaknesses of the article of confederation
Unicameral legislature, no executive branch, no judicial branch, Congress did not have the power to regulate trade, Congress does not have the power to print money, Congress has no power to establish an army
What principle does the fifth amendment support
Due process, rule of law
Which of the philosophers would support the principle of popular sovereignty?
Locke, Rousseau, Montesquieu
What type of government did the Virginia plan mostly closely resemble
Parliamentarian democracy
Which principles of government are not found in the Declaration of Independence
Federalism, separation of powers, balance of powers, republicanism
Who wrote the Federalist papers
John Jay, Alexander Hamilton, James Madison
What does the constitution guarantee every state
A republican form of government
Where can you find the responsibilities of the three branches of government
First three articles of the US Constitution
How many states were required to ratify the constitution
Nine of the 13
