Chapter 3 Pre-Quiz Flashcards
What best explains why bacteria are considered living organisms?
They are made of cells
What is associated with eukaryotic cells but not with prokaryotic?
Nucleus
The two major components of cell membranes are ___ and ___.
Phospholipids, proteins
If a solute is moving through a phospholipid bilayer from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration without the assistance of a protein, the manner of transport must be ___?
Simple diffusion
Water is moving across a membrane from solution A into solution B. What can you infer?
Solution A must have a lower solute concentration than solution B.
Many foods - for example, bacon and salt cod - are preserved with high concentration of salt. How can high concentrations of salt inhibit the growth of bacteria?
High salt if hypertonic and causes the bacteria to shrink because water leaves the bacterial cell.
Although both humans and bacteria have ribosomes, streptomycin - which. Locks ribosome function - does not harm a human who ingests it. Why?
Human cells have ribosomes that do not bind streptomycin; only prokaryotic ribosomes are affected by this drug.
Fungi are eukaryotic organisms. Scientists have found it more challenging to develop treatments for fungal infections than for bacterial infections. Why?
The potential targets found in these cells closely resemble our own eukaryotic cells.
Organelles with their functions:
Mitochondrion: Conversion of food to useable energy.
Golgi apparatus: Protein processing and packaging.
Chloroplast: Conversion of sunlight energy to useable cellular energy.
Endoplasmic reticulum: Site of protein and lips production.
The “endosymbiotic hypothesis” is a concept that___.
Explains how eukaryotic cells might have evolved mitochondria and chloroplasts within their cells.
