Chapter 3 Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics Flashcards
Drug movement through the body and what the body does to the drug
Pharmacokinetics
includes absorption, distribution, metabolism
Pharmacokinetics
what the drug does to the body as drug moves throughout the body
Pharmacodynamics
involves receptor binding, postreceptor effects, chemical reactions
Pharmacodynamics
breakdown of oral drug form into small particles
Disintegration
combining small drug particles with liquid to form solution
Dissolution
Pharmacokinetics drug absorption methods
passive transport, active transport, and Pinocytosis
cells carry drugs by carrying across membrane and engulfing drug
Pinocytosis
requires a carrier and energy to move drug
active transport
diffusion and facilitated
passive transport
factors that affect blood flow in pharmacokinetics
Blood flow, pain, stress, pH, Exercise, hunger, fasting,
Food texture, fat content, temperature, Route of administration
Process of body chemically changing drug into a form to be excreted
biotransformation
Pharmacokinetics drug excretion
kidney, liver, lungs, saliva, sweat, or breast milk
Amount of drug needed to elicit specific physiologic response
Potency
Point which increasing a drug’s dosage no longer increases desired therapeutic response
Maximal efficacy
Relationship between therapeutic dose and toxic dose
Therapeutic index
The time it takes for the drug to reach a minimum effective concentration
Onset
Highest concentration in blood
Peak
highest plasma concentration of drug at a specific time
Peak drug level
lowest plasma concentration of drug
Trough drug level
Drugs act by binding to
receptors
activate receptors and produce desired response
agnonists
elicit only moderate activity when binding to receptors. prevent receptor activation by other drugs
partial agonists
prevent receptor activation and block response
antagonists
Altered drug effect due to interaction with another drug
Drug interactions
Changes occurring in absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion
Pharmacokinetic interactions
The nurse recognizes that the administration of a drug influences cell physiology. What is the term for this concept?
Pharmacodynamic
Which statement best indicates that the nurse understands the meaning of pharmacokinetics?
A. “It involves the study of physiologic interactions of drugs.”
B. “It explains the distribution of the drug between various body compartments.”
C. “It explains interactions between various drugs.”
D. “It explains the adverse reactions to drugs.”
B. “It explains the distribution of the drug between various body compartments.”
The pharmacist states that the patient’s biotransformation of a drug was altered. The nurse interprets this to mean that
metabolism has affected the drug.
The nurse realizes that a drug administered by which route will require the most immediate evaluation of therapeutic effect?
intravenous
The nurse reads that the half-life of the medication being administered is 12 hours. What interpretation will guide the nurse’s care of this patient?
A. This medication will be 50% eliminated in 12 hours, so the dosing will be spread apart.
B. The medication will be administered every 6 hours to maintain consistent blood levels.
C. The medication will not work for the first 12 hours.
D. The patient will require two doses of the medication before there is an effect.
A. This medication will be 50% eliminated in 12 hours, so the dosing will be spread apart.
The nurse administers 650 mg of aspirin at 7 PM. The drug has a half-life of 3 hours. The nurse interprets this information to mean that 325 mg of the medication will have been eliminated from the patient’s system by what time?
10pm
A nurse is administering two highly protein-bound drugs to the patient. Which is the safest course of action for the nurse to take?
A. Assess the patient frequently for the risk of drug-drug interactions.
B. Administer the drugs with food.
C. Administer the drugs with 8 ounces of water.
D. Assess baseline liver function tests.
A. Assess the patient frequently for the risk of drug-drug interactions.
A patient is complaining of pain rated “10” on a scale of 1 to 10. The nurse has several choices of pain medication to administer. Which order is the best for the nurse to administer at this time?
A. Morphine sulfate 1 mg IV (intravenous)
B. MS Contin 2 tablets PO (by mouth)
C. Transdermal patch
D. Tylenol suppository
A. Morphine sulfate 1 mg IV (intravenous)
The nurse is administering medications to a patient with chronic renal failure. What is the nurse’s priority action?
A. Administer all medications via IV route.
B. Assess drug levels daily.
C. Assess the patient for toxicity to the medications.
D. Hold medications for low urinary output.
C. Assess the patient for toxicity to the medications.
The patient is scheduled to receive an enteric-coated tablet immediately after a meal. The nurse will choose which food to include as part of the patient’s meal?
non fatty because enteric: skim milk
The nurse has administered several oral medications to the patient. Which factors will influence the absorption of these medications? (Select all that apply.)
A. Presence of food in the stomach
B. pH of the stomach
C. Patient position upon intake of medication
D. Form of drug preparation
E. Pain
A. Presence of food in the stomach
B. pH of the stomach
D. Form of drug preparation
E. Pain
are responsible for majority of drug excretion
kidneys
A nurse is reviweing the process of absorption. Which physiological state should the nurse identify as undergoing the most rapid absorption with regard to drugs? (Select all that apply.)
lipid soluble and nonionized
