Chapter 3 Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics

Question 1

Drug movement through the body and what the body does to the drug

Answer 1

Pharmacokinetics

Question 2

includes absorption, distribution, metabolism

Answer 2

Pharmacokinetics

Question 3

what the drug does to the body as drug moves throughout the body

Answer 3

Pharmacodynamics

Question 4

involves receptor binding, postreceptor effects, chemical reactions

Answer 4

Pharmacodynamics

Question 5

breakdown of oral drug form into small particles

Answer 5

Disintegration

Question 6

combining small drug particles with liquid to form solution

Answer 6

Dissolution

Question 7

Pharmacokinetics drug absorption methods

Answer 7

passive transport, active transport, and Pinocytosis

Question 8

cells carry drugs by carrying across membrane and engulfing drug

Answer 8

Pinocytosis

Question 9

requires a carrier and energy to move drug

Answer 9

active transport

Question 10

diffusion and facilitated

Answer 10

passive transport

Question 11

factors that affect blood flow in pharmacokinetics

Answer 11

Blood flow, pain, stress, pH, Exercise, hunger, fasting,
Food texture, fat content, temperature, Route of administration

Question 12

Process of body chemically changing drug into a form to be excreted

Answer 12

biotransformation

Question 13

Pharmacokinetics drug excretion

Answer 13

kidney, liver, lungs, saliva, sweat, or breast milk

Question 14

Amount of drug needed to elicit specific physiologic response

Answer 14

Potency

Question 15

Point which increasing a drug’s dosage no longer increases desired therapeutic response

Answer 15

Maximal efficacy

Question 16

Relationship between therapeutic dose and toxic dose

Answer 16

Therapeutic index

Question 17

The time it takes for the drug to reach a minimum effective concentration

Answer 17

Onset

Question 18

Highest concentration in blood

Answer 18

Peak

Question 19

highest plasma concentration of drug at a specific time

Answer 19

Peak drug level

Question 20

lowest plasma concentration of drug

Answer 20

Trough drug level

Question 21

Drugs act by binding to

Answer 21

receptors

Question 22

activate receptors and produce desired response

Answer 22

agnonists

Question 23

elicit only moderate activity when binding to receptors. prevent receptor activation by other drugs

Answer 23

partial agonists

Question 24

prevent receptor activation and block response

Answer 24

antagonists

Question 25

Altered drug effect due to interaction with another drug

Answer 25

Drug interactions

Question 26

Changes occurring in absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion

Answer 26

Pharmacokinetic interactions

Question 27

The nurse recognizes that the administration of a drug influences cell physiology. What is the term for this concept?

Answer 27

Pharmacodynamic

Question 28

Which statement best indicates that the nurse understands the meaning of pharmacokinetics? A. "It involves the study of physiologic interactions of drugs." B. "It explains the distribution of the drug between various body compartments." C. "It explains interactions between various drugs." D. "It explains the adverse reactions to drugs."

Answer 28

B. "It explains the distribution of the drug between various body compartments."

Question 29

The pharmacist states that the patient's biotransformation of a drug was altered. The nurse interprets this to mean that

Answer 29

metabolism has affected the drug.

Question 30

The nurse realizes that a drug administered by which route will require the most immediate evaluation of therapeutic effect?

Answer 30

intravenous

Question 31

The nurse reads that the half-life of the medication being administered is 12 hours. What interpretation will guide the nurse's care of this patient? A. This medication will be 50% eliminated in 12 hours, so the dosing will be spread apart. B. The medication will be administered every 6 hours to maintain consistent blood levels. C. The medication will not work for the first 12 hours. D. The patient will require two doses of the medication before there is an effect.

Answer 31

A. This medication will be 50% eliminated in 12 hours, so the dosing will be spread apart.

Question 32

The nurse administers 650 mg of aspirin at 7 PM. The drug has a half-life of 3 hours. The nurse interprets this information to mean that 325 mg of the medication will have been eliminated from the patient's system by what time?

Answer 32

10pm

Question 33

A nurse is administering two highly protein-bound drugs to the patient. Which is the safest course of action for the nurse to take? A. Assess the patient frequently for the risk of drug-drug interactions. B. Administer the drugs with food. C. Administer the drugs with 8 ounces of water. D. Assess baseline liver function tests.

Answer 33

A. Assess the patient frequently for the risk of drug-drug interactions.

Question 34

A patient is complaining of pain rated "10" on a scale of 1 to 10. The nurse has several choices of pain medication to administer. Which order is the best for the nurse to administer at this time? A. Morphine sulfate 1 mg IV (intravenous) B. MS Contin 2 tablets PO (by mouth) C. Transdermal patch D. Tylenol suppository

Answer 34

A. Morphine sulfate 1 mg IV (intravenous)

Question 35

The nurse is administering medications to a patient with chronic renal failure. What is the nurse's priority action? A. Administer all medications via IV route. B. Assess drug levels daily. C. Assess the patient for toxicity to the medications. D. Hold medications for low urinary output.

Answer 35

C. Assess the patient for toxicity to the medications.

Question 36

The patient is scheduled to receive an enteric-coated tablet immediately after a meal. The nurse will choose which food to include as part of the patient's meal?

Answer 36

non fatty because enteric: skim milk

Question 37

The nurse has administered several oral medications to the patient. Which factors will influence the absorption of these medications? (Select all that apply.) A. Presence of food in the stomach B. pH of the stomach C. Patient position upon intake of medication D. Form of drug preparation E. Pain

Answer 37

A. Presence of food in the stomach B. pH of the stomach D. Form of drug preparation E. Pain

Question 38

are responsible for majority of drug excretion

Answer 38

kidneys

Question 39

A nurse is reviweing the process of absorption. Which physiological state should the nurse identify as undergoing the most rapid absorption with regard to drugs? (Select all that apply.)

Answer 39

lipid soluble and nonionized