Chapter 3 - pg. 68-103: Infancy and Toddlerhood

Question 1

What is lateralization?

Answer 1

The process where different functions become localized primarily on one side of the brain

ex: left hemisphere is more active during language production

Question 2

Define neuroplasticity

Answer 2

The brain’s ability to change, both physically and chemically, to enhance its adaptability to environmental change and compensate for injury

Question 3

When should solid food be introduced to an infant?

Answer 3

• Can sit up without needing support
• Can hold head up without wobbling
• Shows interest in foods others are eating
• Is still hungry after being breastfed or formula fed
• Is able to move foods from front to back of mouth
• Able to turn away when they’ve had enough

Question 4

Describe infant sleep

Answer 4

Newborn typically sleeps 16.5~ hours over a 24 hour period

• Polyphasic

Once children turn two, average closer to 10 hours sleep / 24 hours

Question 5

Motor skills

Gross vs. fine motor skills

Answer 5

Motor skills = our ability to move our bodies and manipulate objects

Fine - Muscles in our fingers, toes and eyes, and enable coordination of small actions

Gross - Large muscle groups that control our head, torso, arms and legs

Question 6

Define (infantile) marasmus

Answer 6

Starvation d/t a lack of calories and protein

Question 7

Define Kwashiorkor

Answer 7

“disease of the displaced child”

Occurs after another child has been born and taken over breastfeeding
- results in loss of appetite and welling of abdomen

Question 8

Describe Piaget:

Schema, assimilation and accommodation

Answer 8

Schema - framework for organizing information; “group”

Assimilation - fitting the new information into an existing schema

Accommodation - expanding the framework of knowledge to accommodate the new situation

Question 9

Define object permanence

Answer 9

The understanding that even if something is out of sight, it still exists

• Typically acquired by 8 months

Question 10

How do newborns communicate?

Answer 10

• Body posture
• Gestures
• Cries
• Facial expressions

Question 11

Underextension vs. Overextension

Answer 11

Underextension - A word can be used only for that particular object

Overextension - A word applies to all objects that are similar to the original object

Question 12

When do children develop a sense of self?

Answer 12

During the second year of life

• ## children recognize themselves as they gain a sense of self as object