Chapter 3 - Pathology

Question 0

What is Disease?

Answer 0

Abnormally functioning organs or organ systems taking away from Homeostasis.

Question 1

What is Pathology?

Answer 1

The study of disease.

Question 2

What is Malaise?

Answer 2

Feeling of general discomfort.

Question 3

What is Predisposing Factor?

Answer 3

Something that makes you more likely to get a disease.

Question 4

What are the predisposing factors that are NOT controlled?

Answer 4

Age, gender, heredity

Question 5

What are the predisposing factors that ARE controlled?

Answer 5

Lifestyle & environment.

Question 6

Why are the elderly more susceptible to disease?

Answer 6

Their organ systems are less efficient.

Question 7

Why are children more susceptible to disease?

Answer 7

Partially developed immune systems.

Question 8

What are the 3 classifications of disease for children?

Answer 8

Congenital disorders (present @ birth), Genetic disorders (inherited genes) & Developmental disorders (may interrupt normal development)

Question 9

Why is Gender a predisposing factor?

Answer 9

Some diseases affect only males or only females due to differences in anatomy. (Prostate vs Uterin Cancers)

Question 10

What is Heredity?

Answer 10

Combination of the genetic codes from both parents.

Question 11

What are some examples of a Lifestyle Factor?

Answer 11

Smoking, diet

Question 12

What are some examples of an Environment Factor?

Answer 12

Polluted air/water, chronic stress, poor & unsanitary conditions, contaminated food.

Question 13

What is a Symptom?

Answer 13

Subjective. As told by the patient. (Headache, nausea)

Question 14

What is a Sign?

Answer 14

Objective signal. Can be seen or tested. (Rash, fever)

Question 15

What is Pain?

Answer 15

Defense mechanism to tell you when there’s a problem.

Question 16

What is the Pain Scale?

Answer 16

Let’s patients rate their degree or pain.

Question 17

What is Inflammation?

Answer 17

The body’s normal immune response to injury & disease.

Question 18

What are some symptoms of inflammation?

Answer 18

Redness, heat, swelling, & pain.

Question 19

What are the categories of disease?

Answer 19

Infection, cancers, immune, genetic, mental, & conditions caused by trauma or injury.

Question 20

What are Infectious Diseases?

Answer 20

Caused by pathogens that damage local tissue (STDs, flu)

Question 21

What are Cancers?

Answer 21

Uncontrollable cell growth & proliferation from neoplasms (tumors)

Question 22

What are the categories of cancers?

Answer 22

Carcinomas (epithelial tissue), Sarcomas (connective tissue/muscle), Lymphomas (lymphoid tissues), Luekemia (blood-forming tissues: red bone marrow)

Question 23

What are the 3 Immune Disorders?

Answer 23

Hypersensitivities, Immunodeficiency, & Autoimmune.

Question 24

What are Hypersensitivities?

Answer 24

Over reaction of the immune system to an allergen.

Question 25

What is Anaphylaxis?

Answer 25

A severe, systematic reaction that can cause tightening of the airway.

Question 26

What are Immunodeficiency Disorders?

Answer 26

Deficiency in the immune systems ability to defend the body (HIV & AIDS)

Question 27

What are Autoimmune Disorders?

Answer 27

Inability of the immune system to distinguish between self and non-self. Attacks own cells.

Question 28

How are Genetic Disorders characterized?

Answer 28

Abnormalities caused by mutation in the genetic code, presence of abnormal chromosomes, & alteration of chromosomal structure.

Question 29

What are Mental Disorders?

Answer 29

Class of conditions of the mind. Include disorders associated with behavior or psychological well-being. (Various etiologies *causes*)

Question 30

What is Trauma?

Answer 30

A wound or shock produced by an injury.

Question 31

What is a Diagnosis?

Answer 31

Interpretation of all the data collected or the process of determining the cause/nature of a problem.

Question 32

What is a Differential Diagnosis?

Answer 32

Used when there is more than one disease that might be responsible for the patient's condition.

Question 33

What are the 4 types of treatment?

Answer 33

Palliative: make patient comfy Curative: treatment to cure disease Therapeutic: restore normal function Preventative: steps taken to keep a disease from happening.

Question 34

What is Epidemiology?

Answer 34

Study of how disease affects the overall health & well-being of a population.

Question 35

What is Incidence (of a disease)?

Answer 35

Rate & range of the occurrence of the disease.

Question 36

What is Prevalence (of a disease?

Answer 36

How widespread the occurrence of the disease may be.

Question 37

What does Epidemiology do?

Answer 37

Determines the direction of pharmaceutical research | Determines the direction of treatment by health care professionals.

Question 38

What are a couple Chronic Diseases?

Answer 38

Heart disease, cancer, stroke.