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MSE 2001 > Chapter 3 Outline > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Outline Flashcards

1
Q

What type of solids are most solids (structure-wise)?

A

crystalline

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2
Q

What is short-range order?

A

local arrangement of nearest-neighbor atoms around a central atom

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3
Q

What is long-range order?

A

orders over distances much greater than the bond length

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4
Q

What range order who amorphous solids show? (in 3D)

A
  • Short-range order in 3D, but no long-range order
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5
Q

What range order who crystalline solids show? (in 3D)

A
  • show both short-range order and long-range order in 3D
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6
Q

Are most metals amorphous or crystalline?

A

crystalline?

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7
Q

What structure do ceramics and polymers have (crystalline, amorphous, etc.)?

A

either crystalline, amorphous or a combination

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8
Q

How many lattice types does each crystal belong to?

A

one and only one

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9
Q

Lattice definition

A

A 3D array of lattice points, each of which has identical surroundings (mathematically latencies can extend to infinity)

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10
Q

What are lattice points?

A

vertices of a unit cell

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11
Q

What are lattice parameters?

A

lengths of the unit cell edges

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12
Q

What is a unit cell?

A
  • the smallest representation of a material. - - In crystals, it is the smallest patterned collection of atoms or ions that repeat in space
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13
Q

What determines what class a lattice type belongs to?

A

the lengths and angles within a unit cell

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14
Q

Cubic Lattice axial lengths and angles

A

Axial Lengths: a=b=c
Angles: ⍺=β=γ=90

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15
Q

Cubic bravais lattice

A

SC, BCC, FCC

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16
Q

Tetragonal axial lengths and angles

A

Axial lengths: a=b≠c
Angles: ⍺=β=γ=90

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17
Q

Tetragonal bravais lattice

A

SC, BCC

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18
Q

Cubic Lattice symbol

A

P, I, F

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19
Q

Lattice symbols meanings

A

P = primitive
I = body-centered
F = face centered
R = rhombohedral

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20
Q

Tetahredral lattice symbol

A

P, I

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21
Q

Orthorhombic axial lengths and angles

A

Axial Lengths: a≠b≠c
Angles: ⍺=β=γ=90

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22
Q

Orthrombic bravais lattice

A

SC, BCC, FCC, Base

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23
Q

Orthrombic lattice symbol

A

P,I,C,F

24
Q

Rhombohedral axial lengths and angles

A

Axial lengths: a=b=c
Angles: ⍺=β=γ≠90

25
Q

Rhombohedral bravais lattice

A

SC

26
Q

Rhombohedral lattice symbol

A

R

27
Q

Hexagonal axial lengths and angles

A

Axial lengths: a=b≠c
Angles:⍺=β=90, (γ=120)

28
Q

Hexagonal bravais lattice

A

SC

29
Q

Hexagonal lattice symbol

A

P

30
Q

Monoclinic axial lengths and angles

A

Axial lengths: a≠b≠c
Angles: ⍺=γ=90 (β≠90)

31
Q

Monoclinic bravais lattice

A

SC, Base

32
Q

Monoclinic lattice symbol

A

P,C

33
Q

Triclinic Axial lengths and angles

A

Axial lengths: a≠b≠c
Angles: ⍺≠β≠γ

34
Q

Triclinic bravais lattice

A

SC

35
Q

Triclinic lattice symbol

A

P

36
Q

Simple cubic lattice description

A

atoms located in each corner

37
Q

How many bravais lattices are there?

A
  • 14
  • categorized P,I,F,(A,B,C),R
38
Q

Simple cubic lattice description

A

atoms located in each corner

39
Q

Body-centered cubic lattice description

A

atoms at each corner plus one in the center of the 6 faces

40
Q

Face-centered cubic lattice description

A

atoms at each corner in the center of each of the 6 faces

41
Q

Base-centered lattice description

A

rectangular with atoms at each corner and one in the center of the top and bottom faces

42
Q

Simple hexagonal lattice description

A

8 faces

43
Q

hexagonal close-packed lattice description

A
  • a variation of SH
  • Ideally has 6 atoms per cell
44
Q

How are directions, planes, and families of planes represented by vectors?

A

Directions: [] brackets; negative numbers represented by bar over the number
planes: () brackets
families of planes: {} brackets

45
Q

How to calculate planes?

A
  1. intercept position on axis
  2. reciprocal of intercept
  3. Reduce all fractions by multiplying all values until they are all whole numbers
46
Q

How can angles between two directions be determined?

A

by taking the vector dot product

A*B= |A||B|cos ⍬

47
Q

Atomic packing factor equation

A

volume of atoms in the unit cell / volume of the unit cell = (# atoms in cell) *( volume of an atom)/ volume of the unit cell

48
Q

What are intersticies?

A

the largest holes between the atoms in a lattice

49
Q

Where are interstices in FCC Latticies? How many sites per cell?

A
  • at the center of the unit cell and center of each edge
  • 4 sites per unit cell
50
Q

Where are the interstices in BCC lattices? How many sites per cell?

A
  • at the center of each face and the center of each edge
  • 6 sites per unit cell
51
Q

How do waves undergo constructive interference/ diffraction?

A
  • 2 waves of equal amplitude and are in phase collide
  • the amplitude of the composite wave is 2x that of the components, causing diffraction
52
Q

What is destructive wave interference?

A

when the composite wave is equal to zero at all points

53
Q

Bragg’s Law equation? What does it describe?

A

2dsin⍬=nλ
- when the x-ray is incident onto a crystal surface, its angle of incidence, θ, will reflect back with a same angle of scattering, θ

54
Q

What is linear density?

A

the number of atoms centered along a direction within one unit cell/ length of the line contained within one unit cell

55
Q

What is planar density?

A

the number of atoms centered on a plane one cell/ are of the plan contained within one unit cell

56
Q

CHAtomic packing factor definition

A

volume of atoms in the unit cell per unit volume

MSE 2001 (4 decks)

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