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Security+ > Chapter 3: Network Technologies and Tools Aconyms and Defintions > Flashcards

Chapter 3: Network Technologies and Tools Aconyms and Defintions Flashcards

1
Q

MAC

A

Media Access Control

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2
Q

IP

A

Internet Protocol

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3
Q

TCP

A

Transmission Control Protocol

Connection-oriented protocol that provides guarenteed delivery

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4
Q

UDP

A

User Datagram Protocol

Connectionless protocol that provides “best effort” delivery

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5
Q

FTP

A

File Transfer Protocol

Uploads and downloads files to and from an FTP server.
Transmits data in clear text

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6
Q

TFTP

A

Trivial File Transfer Protocol

Used to transfer a smaller amounts of data, such as when communicating with network devices

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7
Q

SSL

A

Secure Sockets Layer

Primarily used to secure HTTP traffic as HTTPS
Has been compromised and is not recommended for use

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8
Q

TLS

A

Transport Layer Security

Replacement for SSL
Secure HTTP traffic as HTTPS

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9
Q

IPsec

A

Internet Protocol Security

Used to encrypt IP traffic

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10
Q

SSH

A

Secure Shell

Encrypts data traffic it transittransit and can be used to encrypt other protocols such as FTP

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11
Q

SCP

A

Secure Copy

Based on SSH and used to copy and encrypted files over a network

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12
Q

SFTP

A

Secure File Transfer Protocol

Secure implementation of FTP
And extinction of secure shell using SSH to transmit the files in an encrypted format

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13
Q

FTPS

A

File Transfer Protocol Secure

Another secure implementation of FTP.
It uses TLC to encrypt FTP traffic

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14
Q

SMTP

A

Simple Mail Transfer Protocol

Transfers, mail between clients and SMTP servers

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15
Q

SMTPS

A

Simple Mail Transfer Protocol Secure

Adds TLS encryption

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16
Q

POP3

A

Post Office Protocol

Transfers emails from servers to end users

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17
Q

IMAP

A

Internet Message Access Protocol

Used to store email on a mail server and it allows you to organize and manage email and folders on the server

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18
Q

HTTP

A

Hyper Text Transfer Protocol

Transmits web traffic between web service and browsers

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19
Q

HTTPS

A

Hyper Text Transfer Protocol Secure

Adds TLS encryption to protect the data

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20
Q

SPF

A

Sender Policy Framework

Uses DNS records to define which IP addresses are authorized to send emails on behalf of a domain

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21
Q

DKIM

A

DomainKeys Identified Mail

Uses public key photography to sign in verify an emails domain and content

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22
Q

DMARC

A

Domain-based Message Authentication, Reporting, and Conformance

Builds on top of SPF and DKIM by allowing domain owners to set policies for how to handle emails that fail authentication checks

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23
Q

AD DS

A

Microsoft Active Directory Domain Services

Database of objects that provides a central access point to manage users, computers, and other directory objects.

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24
Q

LDAP

A

Lightweight Directory Access Protocol

Specifies the formats and methods used to query directories, such as Microsoft AD DS

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25
Q

LDAPS

A

Lightweight Directory Access Protocol Secure

To protect LDAP it encrypts data with TLS

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26
Q

RTP

A

Real-time Transport Protocol

Delivers audio and video of IP networks

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27
Q

VoIP

A

Voice over Internet Protocol

Communications, streaming media, video teleconferencing applications, and devices using web-based push to talk features

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28
Q

SRTP

A

Secure Real-time Transport Protocol

Provides encryption, message authentication, and integrity for RTP

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29
Q

SIP

A

Session Initiation Protocol

Used to initiate, maintain, and terminate voice, video, and messaging sessions.

Uses request and response messages (text) when establishing a session

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30
Q

GPO

A

Group Policy Object

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31
Q

RDP

A

Remote Desktop Protocol

Used to connect to others systems from remote locations.

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32
Q

NTP

A

Network Time Protocol

Most commonly used protocol for time synchronization, allowing their systems to synchronize their time to within tens of milliseconds.

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33
Q

DHCP

A

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol

Dynamically assigned IP addresses to host

Also assigns other TCP and IP information such as subnet mask, default gateways, DNS server addresses and much more.

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34
Q

ISPs

A

Internet Service Provider

Companies who provide Internet service

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35
Q

IANA

A

Internet Assigned Numbers Authority

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36
Q

IETF

A

Internet Engineering Task Force

37
Q

DNS

A

Domain Name System

For domain resolution, resolves hostnames to IP address

38
Q

A

A

Host Record

A record that holds the host name and IPv4 address and is the most used record in a DNS server

39
Q

AAAA

A

Record that holds the host name for IPv6 address.

40
Q

MX

A

Mail Exchange

A record that identifies a mail server used for mail.

41
Q

CNAME

A

Canonical Name or Alias

Allows a single system to have multiple names associated with a single IP address.

42
Q

SOA

A

Start of Authority

Records include information about a domain or zone and some of its settings

43
Q

TTL

A

Time to Live

A setting used to determine how long to cache
DNS results

TTL times are in seconds, and lower times cause clients to renew the records more often.

44
Q

DNSSEC

A

Domain Name System Security Extensions

Used to prevent DNS cache poisoning

A suite of extensions to DNS that provides validation for DNS responses.

45
Q

RRSIG

A

Resource Record Signature

Referred to as a digital signature and provides data, integrity and authentication for DNS replies

46
Q

RSTP

A

Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol

Provides both broadcast storm prevention and loop prevention for switches

47
Q

BPDU

A

Bridge Protocol Data Unit

Messages that STP sends to detect loops

48
Q

Edge Port

A

A switch port connected to a device, such as computer, server, or printer.

49
Q

BPDU Guard

A

Bridge Protocol Data Unit Guard

Monitors the ports for unwanted BPDU messages

50
Q

ACLs

A

Access Control Lists

Rules implemented on routers and on firewalls to identify what traffic is allowed and what traffic is denied.

51
Q

Implicit Deny

A

Dictates that all traffic that isn’t explicitly allowed is explicitly denied

52
Q

Route Command

A

A command used to display or modify systems, routing table on both Windows and Linux systems.

53
Q

SNMP

A

Simple Network Management Protocol

Monitors and manages network devices such as routers or switches

SNMPv3 Encrypts credentials before sending them over the wire.

54
Q

Firewall

A

Filters, incoming and outgoing traffic for a single host or between networks

55
Q

Host-based Firewall

A

Monitors traffic going in and out of a single host, such as a server or workstation —monitors traffic passing through the NIC

56
Q

Network-Based Firewall

A

Protects an entire network, and usually a network appliance meaning sold as a hardware unit that already contains all of the software necessary to run as a firewall.

57
Q

Stateless Firewalls

A

Uses rules implemented in access control lists to identify allowed and blocked traffic

Treats each network packet that they see as a new event and don’t track any information

58
Q

Stateful Firewall

A

Inspect traffic and makes decisions based on the traffic context or state keeping track of established sessions inspects traffic based on a state within a session and it blocks traffic that isn’t a part of an established session.

59
Q

WAF

A

Web Application Firewall

A firewall specifically designed to protect a web application, usually placed between the web server and the web server clients.

60
Q

NGFW

A

Next-Generation Firewall

An advanced firewall that performs deep packing inspection, adding application level inspection as a core feature.

62
Q

Fail-open

A

The system allows everything to pass through the system when it fails

63
Q

Fail-closed

A

A system allows nothing to pass through the system when it fails

64
Q

Intranet

A

An Internet is an internal network
Used by people to communicate and share content with each other

65
Q

Extranet

A

Part of a network that can be accessed by authorized entities from outside of the network

66
Q

DMZ

A

Demilitarized Zone

Know as screened subnet, a security zone between a private network in the Internet. Providing a layer of protection for these Internet facing servers while allowing clients to connect to them.

67
Q

CA

A

Certificate Authority

68
Q

NAT

A

Network Address Translation

A protocol that translates public IP addresses to private IP addresses and private IP addresses back to public

69
Q

PAT

A

Port Address Translation

A commonly used form of NAT.

70
Q

Static NAT

A

Static Network Address Translation

Uses a single public IP address in a one-to-one mapping

71
Q

Dynamic NAT

A

Dynamic Network Address Translation

Uses multiple public IP addresses in a one-to-many mapping and decides which public IP address to use based on load.

72
Q

SCADA

A

Supervisory Contoel and Data Acquisition

73
Q

Air Gap

A

A gap of air between an isolated system and other systems.

74
Q

VLAN

A

Virtual Local Area Network

Used by switches to segment traffic between logical groups of users or computers

75
Q

Proxy Server

A

Used to forward request for services for clients also can improve performance by caching content and some proxy servers can restrict users access to inappropriate websites by filtering content.

76
Q

Content Filtering

A

Allows organizations to create block rules that restrict web use.

77
Q

Reverse Proxy

A

Accepts requests from the Internet, typically for a single web server. It appears to clients as a web server, but is forwarding the requests to the web server and serving the pages returned by the web server.

78
Q

UTM

A

Unified Threat Management

A single solution that combines multiple security controls
Goal is to provide better security while also simplifying management requirements

79
Q

Jump Server

A

Aka Jump Box

A hard server used to access and managed devices in a different securities zone

80
Q

ZTNA

A

Zero Trust Network Access

A philosophy that’s end goal is to achieve threat scope reduction, decreasing the risk to the organization.

81
Q

PEP

A

Policy Enforcement Point

A system used zero-trust environment when a user or system wants to access a resource.

82
Q

Control Plane

A

A network where communications are used to control and configure the network.

83
Q

Data Plane

A

Communications used by end users and software to communicate with each other take place here.

84
Q

PE

A

Policy Engine

Decides whether to grant access to a resource for a given subject

85
Q

PA

A

Policy Administrator

Responsible for communicating the decisions made by the PE to the tools on the network

86
Q

PDP

A

Policy Decision Point

PE and PA together

87
Q

3 Data Plane Components

A

Subject
System
Enterprise Resource

88
Q

SASE

A

Secure Access Service Edge

Builds on Zero Trust

•Firewall services
•Secure web gateway
•Anti-malware
•Intrusion Prevention Services
•Cloud access service broker (CASB)
•Data Loss Prevention (DLP)

89
Q

OSI MODEL

A

Physical, Data Link, Network, Transport, Session, Presentation, Application.

(Please Do Not Throw Sausage Pizza Away)

Security+ (3 decks)

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