myel/o = bone marrow region that produces all of the blood cells needed by the body. 1. Erythrocytes are red blood cells 2. Platelets 3. White blood cells

Chapter 3 Musculoskeletal Flashcards by David Bracho

Musculoskeletal

(muss skyoo loh SKELL uh tul)

bones, joints (articulations), and muscles

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Bones are connected to one another by fibrous bands of tissue called what?

Ligaments

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Muscles are attached to the bone by bands of tissue called what?

Tendons

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The tough fibrous covering of the musles

Fascia

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Musculoskeletal

(muss skyoo loh SKELL uh tul)

muscul/o=muscle

skelet/o=skeleton

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Bone

oste/o

oss/i

osse/o

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Joint

arthr/o

articul/o

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Muscle

muscul/o

my/o

myos/o

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Ligament

(LIH gah ments)

ligament/o

syndesm/o

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Tendon

(TEN duns)

tendin/o

tend/o

ten/o

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Fascia

(FASH ee ah)

fasci/o

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Cartilage

(KAR tih lij)

chondr/o

cartilag/o

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Hematopoiesis

(hee mah toh oph EE sis)

the formation and development of blood cells.

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Orthopedics

orth/o = straight

ped/o = child

-ist = one who specializes

Healthcare specialty that deals with the majority of musculoskelteal disorders.

The specialist is called an

orthopedist

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Rheumatology

rheumato/o = watery flow

-logy = study of

Specialty that deals with disorders of connective tissue, including bone and cartialge.

The specialist is called a

rheumatologist

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Physiastry

Also called, physical medicine

physi/o = nature

-iatry = process of treatment

Concerns disgnosis and treatment of disease or injury with the use of physcial agents, such as exercise, heat, massage, and light.

The specialist is called a

physiatrist

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Axial Skeleton

(ACK see ul)

consists fo the skull, rib cage and spine

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Appendicular Skeleton

(ap pen DICK you lur)

appendic/o

consists of shouldar bones, collars bones, pelvic bones arms and legs.

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Osteocytes

(OS tee oh sytes)

Mature bone cells

oste/o = bone

-cyte = cell

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Matrix

(MAY tricks)

Material between the cells of the osteocytes. Matrix stores calcuim (Ca) and phosphorus (P).

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Osteoblast

cells that build bone

oste/o = bone

-blast = embryonic

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Osteoclast

celss that break down bone celss to transforms them as needed.

oste/o = bone

-clast = breaking down

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Bone Marrow

myel/o = bone marrow

region that produces all of the blood cells needed by the body.

Erythrocytes are red blood cells
Platelets
White blood cells

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Diaphysis

(dye AFF ih sis)

dia- = through

-physis = growth, nature

Long shaft of the bone

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Epiphysis (eh PIFF ih sis)

**epi- = above** **-physis = growth, nature** The end of each bone.

Metaphysis (meh TAFF ih sis)

**meta- = change** **-physis = growth, nature** The *epiphysis* and *epiphyseal plates* come together to form the ***metaphysis***

Periosteum (pair ee OS tee um)

**peri- = surrounding** **oste/o = bone** **-um = structure** Outer covering of the bone.

Endosteum (en DOS tee um)

**endo- = within** **oste/o = bone** **-um = structure** Inner lining of the bone.

Depression

**Any groove, opening, or hollow space.** Depressions provide an entrance and exit for vessels and protectiong for the the organs they hold.

Processes

**Raised or projected areas.** These are often areas of attachment for ligaments or tendons.

Foramen (foh RAY men) *pl. foramina*

*combining form:* foramin/o meaning/function: An opening or hole *example:* foramen magnum, mental foramina

Fossa (FAH sah) *pl. fossae*

combining form: foss/o meaning/function: hollow, depression, especially on the surface of the end of a bone example: olecranal fossa

Sinus (SYE nus) *pl. sinuses*

combining form: sin/o sinus/o meaning/function: a cavity or channel lined with a membrane example: paranasal sinuses

Condyle (KON dyle)

combining form: condyl/o meaning/function: A rounded projection at the end of a bone that anchors the ligaments and articulates with adacent bones example: medial condyle of the femur

Crest

meaning/function: A narrow elongated elevation example: iliac crest

Epicondyle | (eh pee KON dyle)

combining form: epicondyl/o meaning/function: A projection on the surface of the bone above the condyle example: lateral epicondyle of the humerus

Head

meaning/function: A rounded, usually proximal portion of some long bones example: femoral head, humeral head

Spine

combining form: spin/o meaning/function: A thornlike projeciton example: spinous process of a vertebra

Trochanter (troh KAN tur)

combining form: trochanter/o meaning/function: One of two bony projections on the proximal ends of the femurs that serve as points of attachement for muscles example: greather trochanter

Tubercle (TOO bur kuhl)

combining form: tubercul/o meaning/function: A nodule or small raised area example: costal tubercle

Tuberosity (too bur OSS ih tee)

meaning/function: An elevation or protuberance, larger than a tubercle example: ischial tuberosity

Skull, cranium (KRAY nee um)

crani/o

face

faci/o

frontal

front/o

Parietal (puh RYE uh tul)

pariet/o

Occipital (ock SIP ih tul)

occipit/o

Temporal (TEM poor ul)

tempor/o

Mastoid

mastoid/o

Ethmoid (EHTH moyd)

ethmoid/o

Sphenoid (SFEE noyd)

sphenoid/o

Paranasal

**para- = near** **nas/o = nose** **-al = pertaining to**

zygoma | (zye GOH mah)

zygom/o zygomat/o (zye goh MAT tick) bone

Lacrimal (LACK rih mul)

lacrim/o Paired bones at the corner of each eye that cradle the tear ducts.

Maxilla (MACK sill ah)

maxill/o Upper jaw bone.

Mandible (MAN dih bul)

mandibul/o Lower jaw bone.

Vomer (VOH mur)

vomer/o Bone that forms the posterior/inferior part of the nasal septal wall between the nostrils.

Palatine (PAL eh tyne)

palat/o Shell-shaped structures that make up art of the roof of the mouth.

Nasal Turbinates (conchae) (KON kee)

Make up part of the interior of the nose.

Nasal bones

nasal = nas/o Pair of small bones that make up the bridge of the nose.

Costochondral (kost toh KON drul)

**cot/o = rib** **chondr/o = cartilage** **-al = pertaining to** Tissue in the anterior rib cage.

Sternum (STUR num) also known as *breastbone*

**stern/o**

Xiphoid Process (ZIH foyd)

xiphoid = xiph/o The shart point at the most inferior aspect of the sternum.

Spine

spin/o

Vertebra (VER teh bray)

vertebr/o spondyl/o

Lamina

lamin/o

Neck

cervic/o

Thorax (chest)

thorac/o

Lumbar (lower back)

lumb/o

Sacrum

sacr/o

Coccyx

coccyg/o

Cervical (SUR vih kul)

Neck bones ## Footnote **C1 - C7**

Thoracic (thoh RAS ick)

Upper Back **T1 - T12**

Lumbar (LUM bar)

Lower Back ## Footnote **L1 - L5**

Sacral (SAY krul)

Sacrum **S1 - S5** *five bones, fused*

Coccygeal (kock sih JEE ul)

Coccyx (KOCK sicks) or tailbone