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Nutrition > Chapter 3 - Muscle And Exercise Metabolism > Flashcards

Chapter 3 - Muscle And Exercise Metabolism Flashcards

0
Q

Transports oxygen

A

Myoglobin

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1
Q

Cytokine that stimulates glycogen breakdown

A

Interleukin-6

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2
Q

Aerobic metabolism that occurs in the mitochondrion

A

TCA cycle

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3
Q

Contractile unit of a muscle fiber

A

Sarcomere

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4
Q

Metabolism of fat stores

A

Lypolysis

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5
Q

Thin myofilament

A

Actin

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6
Q

Transports action potential to sarcoplasmic reticulum

A

T-tubules

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7
Q

Enzyme that breaks down ATP for energy

A

ATPase

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8
Q

Protein filament that blocks binding sites on actin

A

Tropomyosin

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9
Q

Thick Filament

A

Myosin

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10
Q

_________ muscle fibers have fast contractile speed capability with an oxidative capacity that makes them moderately resistant to fatigue.

A

Type 2a

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11
Q

Muscle fibers are recruited by size and speed in the following order: _____, then ________, and finally _______ when needed

A

I, IIa, IIx

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12
Q

List the three primary sources of energy metabolism (modes of ATP re synthesis) in the order they occur based on activity duration

A

A. PCr hydrolysis
B. Glycolysis
C. Oxidative phosphorylation

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13
Q

True or False? PCr provides energy that is sufficient to fuel short duration, high-intensify exercise such as interval sprints.

A

True

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14
Q

True or false? Hydrogen ions released during glycolysis lower the pH level in muscle, increasing enzyme activity.

A

False

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15
Q

List four sources of energy storage in the human body

A

A) fat
B) Protein
C) Blood glucose
D) Muscle glycogen

16
Q

Fat stores provide fuel at a rate that can maintain exercise intensity up to ______ VO2max

A

60%

17
Q

Fill in the missing components of the following table addressing hormones that regulate energy metabolism.

Hormone: Insulin

Source: Pancreas

Stimuli for Activation: _________________

Actions: ______________________

A

Stimuli for Activation: increase in glucose and amino acids

Actions: glucose/a.a uptake
Inhibits lipolysis + protein breakdown

18
Q

Hormone: Epinephrine

Source:_________________

Stimuli for activation: stress and drop in blood glucose

Actions: _________________

A

Source: stress, fall in glucose

Actions: glycogen breakdown, lipolysis in adipose tissue

19
Q

Hormone:________________

Source: Adrenal cortex

Stimuli for Activation:________________

Actions: stimulates protein breakdown and lipolysis

A

Hormone: cortisol

Stimuli for Activation: stress, hormonal activators

20
Q

Hormone: Growth Hormone

Source:__________________

Stimuli for Activation: Stress

Actions:__________________

A

Source: anterior pituitary gland

Actions: liver glycogen breakdown, lipolysis in adipose tissue, cortisol secretion

21
Q

True or false? Glycogen depletion is the limiting factor for fatigue during prolonged, sub maximal exercise

A

True

22
Q

List two muscular adaptations to aerobic training that improve endurance capacity.

A

A. Increase capillary density

B. Increase mitochondrial size and quantity

23
Q

Which of the following structures function to store calcium for use during muscular contractions?

A. Sarcomere
B. Myosin
C. Sarcoplasmic Reticulum
D. Myoglobin

A

C

24
Q

Type I muscle fibers do NOT present with which of the following characteristics?

A. Slow contraction rate
B. High capacity for oxidative metabolism
C. Capacity to perform repeated contractions for a long period of time
D. Low capillary density

A

D

25
Q

Which of the following fiber types would be found in the highest proportion in a postural muscle such as the soleus?

A. Type I fibers
B. Type IIa fibers
C. Type IIx fibers
D. Type III fibers

A

A

26
Q

Which of the following selections is the ultimate source of energy for all muscular work?

A. PCr
B. ATP
C. Glycogen
D. Fatty acids

A

B

27
Q

Which of the following systems of metabolism involve the breakdown of carbohydrate without the presence of oxygen to fuel high-intensity, shorter duration exercise?

A. B-oxidation
B. PCr hydrolysis
C. Glycolysis
D. Lipolysis

A

C

28
Q

Normal resting glycogen stores are usually depleted after which of the following durations of continuous intense exercise?

A. 30-45 min.
B. 1-2 hours
C. 3.5-5.0 hours
D. Glycogen stores are rarely depleted

A

B

29
Q

Energy levels within muscle are regulated by each of the following except?

A. Enzymatic reactions
B. Sympathetic nervous system activity
C. Hormonal activity
D. Lactate synthesis

A

D

30
Q

Which of the following hormones stimulate liver glycogen breakdown and glyconeogenesis in response to a drop in blood glucose levels?

A. Insulin
B. Interleukin-6
C. Glucagon
D. Growth hormone

A

C

31
Q

Which of the following is the primary cause of fatigue during high-intensity exercise lasting 1-5 minutes?

A. PCr depletion
B. Fat depletion
C. Hydrogen ion accumulation
D. Acetyl-coA accumulation

A

C

32
Q

Which of the following is not a muscular adaptation to aerobic training?

A. Increased mitochondrial size and quantity
B. Increased cross-sectional area of type I muscle fibers
C. Increased capacity to use fat as an energy source during sub maximal efforts
D. Increased short-term glycolytic energy-delivery systems.

A

D

Nutrition (4 decks)

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