Chapter 3: Movement Systems

Question 1

What are the 3 most prominent organ systems responsible for human movement?

Answer 1

Muscular, Skeletal, Nervous Systems

Question 2

Central Nervous System: Purpose & Function

Answer 2

Brain & Spinal Cord; central hub of the body & mind. Function: receives sensory input to organize, analyze & process info.

Question 3

Peripheral Nervous System: Purpose & Function:

Answer 3

All the other tissue outside the CNS, including cranial & spinal nerves. Function: responsible for transporting motor commands, carrying sensory info to the CNS & regulate involuntary functions.

Question 4

CNS: Brain’s Function

Answer 4

Receives and processes sensory information, initiate responses, stores, memories generates thoughts and emotions

Question 5

CNS: Spinal Cord Function

Answer 5

conducts signals to and from the brain, controls reflect activities

Question 6

PNS: Motor Neurons

Answer 6

Receives information from the CNS to produce muscular contractions or activate glands

Question 7

PNS: Sensory Neurons

Answer 7

Send information to the CNS (spinal cord & brain) in response to tactile, auditory and visual stimuli

Question 8

PNS: Somatic Nervous System

Answer 8

Controls voluntary movement like exercise, chewing, waving

Question 9

PNS: Autonomic Nervous System

Answer 9

Controls involuntary responses like breathing, cardiac function ❤️ & digestion

Question 10

PNS: Sympathetic Nervous System

Answer 10

Responsible for fight and flight

Question 11

PNS: Parasympathetic

Answer 11

Responsible for rest and digest, slows the heart rate

Question 12

Proprioception

Answer 12

Perception or awareness of body movement or position

Question 13

What are the 3 types of muscle tissue in the body?

Answer 13

Cardiac: compose the wall of the heart. Contracts the heart and pumps blood

Smooth: Tissue in the gut or internal organs that are involuntary controlled (stomach, intestines, bladder)

Skeletal: voluntary muscles attached to bones via tendons that produce human movement

Question 14

Type I Muscle Fibers

Answer 14

Fatigue resistance fibers high with mitchondrial density. These are used when walking, light aerobic and jogging.

Question 15

Type IIa Muscle Fibers

Answer 15

Fast twitch, moderately fatiguable muscle fibers with moderate mitochondria density. Used swimming, cycling, mile run.

Question 16

Type IIx Muscle Fibers

Answer 16

Fast twitch, fast fatiguable muscle fibers with low mitochondria density. Used when lifting and sprinting.

Question 17

How many overall bones?

Answer 17

206

Question 18

How many bones in the axil skeleton?

Answer 18

80 bones - skull, spine and ribs

Question 19

How many bones in the appendicular skeleton?

Answer 19

126 bones - shoulder girdle, pelvic girdle and limbs

Question 20

Long bone

Answer 20

support the body weight and facilitate movement. Leg and arm bones

Question 21

Short Bone

Answer 21

provide stability and limited amount of movements. Foot or hands.

Question 22

Irregular Bone

Answer 22

Protect the vital organs such as the vertebrae, coccyx (tail bone), sacrum.

Question 22

Flat Bone

Answer 22

Protects internal organs; flat and thin curved such as ribs or scapula

Question 23

Sesamoid Bone

Answer 23

Protects tendon from stress and wear and tear such as kneecap.

Question 24

Tendon

Answer 24

Connects muscle to bone; tough, flexible band of tissue, bridge to transmit the force created by the muscle contraction

Question 25

Joint

Answer 25

articulation point between 2 bones; these allow movement to occur

Question 26

Ligament

Answer 26

tough bands made of flexible fibrous connective tissue connecting bone to bone, forming joints