Chapter 3 - More Than Just a Memory Flashcards
What are the models of wokring memory?
Sensory Memory
Short-Term Memory
Long-Term Memory
What does Baddeley and Hitch’s Multicomponent model consists of?
- Central Executive
- Phonological Loop
- Visuospatial Sketch Pad
What is the central executive responsible for?
- taking information from the phonological loop and visuospatial sketch pad and seeing what needs to be attended to
- focus on certain information and allow you to combine the functions together to achieve your goal
What is the phonological loop responsible for?
- incoming information that is verbal and auditory
- storing and manipulating speech
What is the visuospatial sketch pad responsible for?
Creates visual images in the mind in the absence of physical visual stimulus
When does the irrelevant speech effect occur?
when subject performance on remembering printed verbal items is disrupted by irrelevant spoken material presented at the same time
Which study demonstrated the irrelevant speech effect?
Cole and Welsh (1976)
Briefly explain the experiment done by Cole and Welsh (1976)
Participants heard foreign a language while completing a serial recall task ➔ told to ignore the noise ➔ Language noise reduced recall performance on phonological lists
When does the word length effect occur?
remembering short words is better than long words because it takes longer to rehearse long words and produce them during recall
When does the phonological similarity effect occur?
Letters or words that sound familiar get confused
Briefly explain the experiment done by Conrad (1964)
A series of letters are flashed on the screen and participants were asked to write them down in the exact order ➔ “F” was mostly misidentified as “S” or “X” because it sounds similar to “F”
Which study demonstrates the phonological similarity effect?
Conrad (1964)
When does articulatory suppression occur?
when you talk or make sounds while trying to remember something it makes it harder to recall information
What was the third temporary storage subsystem that Baddeley extended his model to include
Episodic buffer
What term does Cowan use instead of specific slave systems?
Activated memory
