Chapter 3-Monasticism, The Rise of Islam, and Holy Roman Empire

Question 1

In what years did Mohammed live?

Answer 1

570 A.D. - 632 A.D.

Question 2

In what year did Mohammed have a conversion experience?

Answer 2

610 A.D.

Question 3

What took place during Mohammed’s conversion experience?

Answer 3

He claimed angel Gabriel visited him and gave him a series of revelations which was recorded in the Koran.

Question 4

What is the Hegira?

Answer 4

Mohammed’s flight from Mecca. Also the first year of the Muslim era.

Question 5

What does Islam mean in Arabic?

Answer 5

“Submission”

Question 6

How was Muslim expansion in the West (Europe) stopped?

Answer 6

It was stopped in 732 A.D. by Charles “the Hammer” Martel at the Battle of Tours.

Question 7

Which Empire was constantly fending off advancing Muslims?

Answer 7

Eastern Empire

Question 8

Christianity was no longer the dominant religion in what basin?

Answer 8

Mediterranean basin.

Question 9

What happened because of Christianity not being the dominant religion in the Mediterranean basin?

Answer 9

Europe became socially, economically, and culturally isolated. This helped create the Feudal System.

Question 10

(The Shahada) Faith:

Answer 10

“There is no God but Allah and Mohammed is his prophet.”

Question 11

Prayer:

Answer 11

Five times a day while bowing in the direction of Mecca.

Question 12

Fasting:

Answer 12

A total fast from sunrise to sundown during the holy month of Ramadan.

Question 13

(Zakah) Almsgiving:

Answer 13

Charitable giving to the poor, travelers, those engaged in a holy war.

Question 14

(The Hajj) Pilgrimage:

Answer 14

Once a lifetime, if possible, every Muslim must go to the holy shrine the Ka’bah in Mecca.

Question 15

What was Charles Martel’s nickname?

Answer 15

“The Hammer”

Question 16

Who was Charles Martel’s son?

Answer 16

Pepin

Question 17

Who crowned Pepin king of the Franks?

Answer 17

St. Boniface appointed by Pope Zachary

Question 18

Who was the son of Pepin?

Answer 18

Charlemagne(Charles the Great)

Question 19

How long did Charlemagne rule?

Answer 19

43 years

Question 20

In what year was Charlemagne’s death?

Answer 20

814 A.D.

Question 21

What nickname did the Pope give Charlemagne after defeating the Lombards in 744?

Answer 21

“Protector of the Papacy”

Question 22

What did Charlemagne establish?

Answer 22

He established monasteries and schools for the training of priests and others

Question 23

What did Charlemagne donate to the Church?

Answer 23

He donated property and money to the Church and insisted on tithing to support the Church.

Question 24

• Jesus is neither God or equal to the Father.

- Jesus does not have a divine nature or will.

Answer 24

Arianism

Question 25

- Only one nature in Christ (Divine) - His human nature was absorbed into his his Divine nature - Pope St. Leo the Great was important in defeating this heresy - Used the word "God-man" to describe Jesus

Answer 25

Monophysitism

Question 26

- Believed that Christ was the union of two men, one human the other divine - St. Cyril developed concept of Hypostatic Union to counter this heresy - Heresy rejected the term "Theotokos-bearer of God)

Answer 26

Nestorianism

Question 27

- Denied Original Sin and its transmission into the human family - Man can be saved without God's grace - Man can be saved through mere human endeavors

Answer 27

Pelagianism

Question 28

Nicknamed "Golden Mouth" for his preaching skills

Answer 28

St. Chrysostom

Question 29

- Named Bishop before he was even baptized | - Was instrumental in defeating Arianism

Answer 29

St. Ambrose

Question 30

Translated the Bible into Latin which took 23 years called the Vulgate

Answer 30

St. Jerome

Question 31

Greatest of the Church Fathers and Theologians

Answer 31

St. Augustine of Hippo

Question 32

- First Christian monk | - Father of the monastic movement

Answer 32

St. Anthony of Egypt

Question 33

Organized the first monasteries in 320 A.D.

Answer 33

St. Pacomius

Question 34

Writings form the basis of Eastern monasticism

Answer 34

St. Basil the Great

Question 35

Defended the fight against against Arianism

Answer 35

St. Athanasius

Question 36

Established monasteries in France

Answer 36

St. Martin of Tours

Question 37

- Stressed frequent reception of Reconciliation - Copied, illustrated, and preserved sacred books during the barbarian invasion - Became the centers of learning and Church life

Answer 37

Irish Monasteries

Question 38

- The rule of St. Benedict became the model of Western monasticism - The rule is based on moderation - The motto is "ora et labora"- Latin for "prayer sand work"

Answer 38

Benedictine Monasteries