Chapter 3 - Molecules of Life

Question 0

Enzyme

Answer 0

Compound (usually a protein) that speeds a reaction without being changed by it

Question 1

Condensation

Answer 1

Process by which enzymes build large molecules from smaller subunits; water also forms

Question 2

Functional group

Answer 2

A group of atoms bonded to a carbon of an organic compound; imparts a specific chemical property

Question 3

Hydrocarbon

Answer 3

Compound or region of one that consists only of carbon and hydrogen atoms

Question 4

Hydrolysis

Answer 4

Process by which an enzyme breaks a molecule into smaller subunits by attaching a hydroxyl group to one part and a hydrogen atom to the other

Question 5

Metabolism

Answer 5

All the enzyme-mediated chemical reactions by which cells acquire and use energy as they build and break down organic molecules

Question 6

Monomers

Answer 6

Molecules that are subunits of polymers

Question 7

Organic

Answer 7

Type of compound that consists primarily of carbon and hydrogen atoms

Question 8

Polymer

Answer 8

Molecule that consists of multiple monomers

Question 9

Carbohydrate

Answer 9

Molecule that consists primarily of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms in a 1:2:1 ratio

Question 10

Fat

Answer 10

Lipid that consists of a glycerol molecule with one, two, or three fatty acid tails

Question 11

Fatty acid

Answer 11

Organic compound that consists of a chain of carbon atoms with an acidic carboxyl group at one end. Carbon chain of saturated types has single bonds only; that of unsaturated types has one or more double bonds

Question 12

Lipid

Answer 12

Fatty, oily, or waxy organic compound

Question 13

Phospholipid

Answer 13

A lipid with a phosphate group in its hydrophilic head, and two nonpolar fatty acid tails; main constituent of eukaryotic cell membranes

Question 14

Steroid

Answer 14

Type of lipid with four carbon rings and no fatty acid tails

Question 15

Triglyceride

Answer 15

A fat with three fatty acid tails

Question 16

Wax

Answer 16

Water-repellent mixture of lipids with long fatty acid tails bonded to long-chain alcohols or carbon rings

Question 17

Amino acid

Answer 17

Small organic compound that is a subunit of proteins. Consists of a carboxyl group, an amine group, and a characteristic side group (R), all typically bonded to the same carbon atom

Question 18

Peptide bond

Answer 18

A bond between the amine group of one amino acid and the carboxyl group of another. Joins amino acids in proteins

Question 19

Polypeptide

Answer 19

Chain of amino acids linked by peptide bonds

Question 20

Protein

Answer 20

Organic compound that consists of one or more chains of amino acids (polypeptides)

Question 21

Denature

Answer 21

To unravel the shape of a protein or other large biological molecule

Question 22

Prion

Answer 22

Infectious protein

Question 23

ATP

Answer 23

Adenosine triphosphate. Nucleotide that consists of an adenine base, a five-carbon ribose sugar, and three phosphate groups

Question 24

DNA

Answer 24

Deoxyribonucleic acid. Nucleic acid that carries hereditary information about traits; consists of two nucleotide chains twisted in a double helix

Question 25

Nucleic acid

Answer 25

Single- or double-stranded chain of nucleotides joined by sugar-phosphate bonds; for example DNA and RNA

Question 26

Nucleotide

Answer 26

Monomer of nucleic acids; has five-carbon sugar, nitrogen containing base, and phosphate groups

Question 27

RNA

Answer 27

Ribonucleic acid. Some types have roles in protein synthesis