Chapter 3 Minerals Flashcards
What are the 5 properties of minerals?
1) Naturally occurring
2) Inorganic
3) Solid at room temp
4) Regular crystal structure
5) Defined chemical composition
What are the three types of rock?
Igneus, Sedimentary, Metamorhpic
What is the most abundant element in Earth’s crust?
Oxygen
The outermost shell of an atom is called…
Valence shell
What are ionic bonds typically formed between?
Metals and non-metals
What are the three ways that minerals form in nature?
1) Precipition from an aqueous solution with a temperature change
2) Crystallization from a magma with temperature change
3) Biological precipitation by the action of oranisms
The most common mineral precipitated by organisms is …
Calcite
__________ are crystals with the same chemical formula but different crystal structures
Polymorphs
__________ minerals form the largest group of minerals on Earth
Silicate
_________ is the primary mineral component in mantle rock
Olivine
Volcanic rock with lower silica composition
Mafic
What are the two most abundant MINERALS in the continental crust?
Quartz and Feldspar
Name three physical properties in which scientists use to identify minerals
Streak, hardness, cleavage and fracture
What physical property describes how a mineral looks?
Luster (Metallic and non-metallic, glassy, earthy, etc.)
What physical property is determined when scratching a mineral along a plate?
Streak
