Chapter #3 (Metaphysics)

Question 1

What is metaphysics?

Answer 1

The fundamental nature of things.

Question 1

Thomas Hobbes’s view on materialism

Answer 1

Hobbes was a materialist who believed all things that exist have substance. All things move due to an incalculable chain of cause-effect events.

Question 2

Free will

Answer 2

the power of acting without the constraint of necessity or fate; the ability to act at one’s own discretion.

Question 3

Determinism

Answer 3

all events including human action, are ultimately determined by causes external to the will.

Question 4

What is being-in-itself?

Answer 4

Defining ourselves (Jean-Paul)

Question 5

what is being-for-itself?

Answer 5

A being-for-itself is free. We create our purpose by acting in the world & through the gaze of others and derive the meaning of ourselves through experience (Jean-Paul)

Question 6

what does condemned to be free mean?

Answer 6

There is no universal God that created us – therefore we have no predetermined or particular purpose

Question 7

What is materialism?

Answer 7

Everything is matter, including souls and spirits; all consist of atoms

Question 8

What is dualism?

Answer 8

Both physical bodies and minds (ideas) exist

Question 9

What is Idealism?

Answer 9

the theory that only minds and spirits exist