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CHM020-ANACHEM > CHAPTER 3: MATTER AND ENERGY > Flashcards

CHAPTER 3: MATTER AND ENERGY Flashcards

1
Q

• is the material that makes up all things.
• is anything that has mass and occupies space.

A

Matter

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2
Q

Matter is classified according to its composition:

A

• Pure substances
• Mixtures

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3
Q

have a fixed or definite
composition.

A

Pure Substance

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4
Q

contain two or more different
substances that are physically mixed but not
chemically combined.

A

Mixtures

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5
Q

contain two or more different
substances that are physically mixed but not
chemically combined.

A
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6
Q

are pure substances that contain only one type of material,

A

Elements

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7
Q

example of elements

A

• copper, Cu
• lead, Pb
• aluminum, Al

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8
Q

contains two
or more elements in a
definite ratio,

A

compound

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9
Q

example of compoundfollowing:

A

• hydrogen peroxide (H2O2
)
• table salt (NaCl)
• sugar (C12H22O11)
• water (H2O)

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10
Q

is a compound that contains the elements sodium and chlorine.

A

“Table salt”

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11
Q

The decomposition of salt, NaCl

A

produces the elements sodium and chlorine

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12
Q

a type of
matter that consists of
• two or more substances
that are physically mixed
but not chemically
combined.
• two or more substances
in different proportions.
• substances that can be
separated

A

mixtue

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13
Q

two or more substances
that are physically mixed
but

A

not chemically
combined

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14
Q

A mixture of a liquid
and a solid is separated
by

A

filtration.

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15
Q

• the composition is uniform throughout.
• the different parts of the mixture are not visible.

A

homogeneous mixture

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16
Q

a homogeneous mixture of
copper and zinc atoms.

A

Brass

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17
Q

Breathing mixtures for scuba are

A

homogeneous mixtures

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18
Q

Example of Breathing Mixtures for Scuba Diving

A

• nitrox (oxygen and nitrogen gases)
• heliox (oxygen and helium gases)
• trimix (oxygen, helium, and
nitrogen gases)

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19
Q

used
to fill scuba tanks

A

Nitrox Mixture

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20
Q

• the composition varies from one part of the mixture to another.
• the different parts of the mixture are visible.

A

heterogeneous mixture

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21
Q

Classification of Matter

A

Matter
-Pure Substance
•Element
•Compound
-Mixture
•Homogenous
•Heterogenous

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22
Q

pasta and tomato sauce

A

mixture

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23
Q

aluminum foil

A

pure substance

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24
Q

helium

A

pure substance

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25
Q

air

A

mixture

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26
Q

hot fudge sundae

A

heterogeneous mixture

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27
Q

shampoo

A

homogeneous mixture

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28
Q

sugar water

A

homogeneous mixture

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29
Q

peach pie

A

heterogeneous mixture

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30
Q

The evaporation
of water from
seawater gives
white, solid
crystals of salt
called

A

sodium
chloride.

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31
Q

sodium
chloride

A

white, solid
crystals of salt

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32
Q

• a definite shape.
• a definite volume.
• particles that are close
together in a fixed
arrangement.
• particles that move
very slowly.

A

Solids

33
Q

a solid, is a purple
form of quartz (SiO2
).

A

Amethyst

34
Q

an indefinite shape but a
definite volume.
• the same shape as their
container.
• particles that are close
together but mobile.
• particles that move
slowly.

A

Liquids

35
Q

• an indefinite shape.
• an indefinite volume.
• the same shape and
volume as their
container.
• particles that are far
apart.
• particles that move
very fast.

A

Gases

36
Q

It has definite volume but takes the shape of the
container.

A

liquid

37
Q

Its particles are moving rapidly.

A

gas

38
Q

Its particles fill the entire volume of a container.

A

gas

39
Q

Its particles have a fixed arrangement.

A

solid

40
Q

Its particles are close together but moving randomly.

A

liquid

41
Q

vitamin tablets

A

solid

42
Q

eye drops

A

liquid

43
Q

vegetable oil

A

liquid

44
Q

a candle

A

solid

45
Q

air in a tire

A

gas

46
Q

• are characteristics observed or measured without
changing the identity of a substance.
• include shape, physical state, boiling and freezing
points, density, and color of the substance.

A

Physical properties

47
Q

Copper has these physical
properties:

A

• reddish-orange color
• shiny
• excellent conductor of
heat and electricity
• solid at 25 °C
• melting point 1083 °C
• boiling point 2567 °C

48
Q

A physical change occurs
in a substance if there is

A

• a change in the state.
• a change in the physical
shape.
• no change in the identity
and composition

49
Q

examples of some physical changes

A

-Water boils to form water vapor
-Sugar dissolves in water to form a solution.
-Copper is drawn into thin copper wires
-Paper is cut into tiny pieces of confetti.
-Pepper is ground into flakes.

50
Q

chopping a log into kindling

A

change of shape

51
Q

water boiling change of shape

A

change of state

52
Q

ice cream melting

A

change of state

53
Q

ice forming in a freezer

A

change of state

54
Q

cutting dough into strips

A

change of shape

55
Q

the ability of
a substance
• to interact with other substances.
• to change into a new substance.

A

Chemical properties

56
Q

When a _____ ______ takes place, the original
substance is turned into one or more new
substances with new chemical and physical
properties.

A

chemical change

57
Q

During a chemical change, a
new substance forms that has

A

• a new composition.
• new chemical properties.
• new physical properties.

58
Q

Sugar caramelizing at a high
temperature is an example of a

A

chemical change

59
Q

examples of some chemical changes

A

-Shiny silver metal reacts in air to give black, grainy coating.
-A piece of wood burns with a bright flame and produces heat, ashes, carbon dioxide, and water vapor.
-Heating white, granular sugar forms a smooth, caramel-colored substance .
-Iron, which is gray and shiny, combines with oxygen to form orange red-rust

60
Q

Ice melts in the sun.

A

physical

61
Q

Copper is a shiny metal.

A

physical

62
Q

Paper can burn.

A

chemical

63
Q

A silver knife can tarnish.

A

chemical

64
Q

A magnet removes iron particles from a mixture

A

physical

65
Q

burning a candle

A

chemical

66
Q

ice melting on the street

A

physical

67
Q

toasting a marshmallow

A

chemical

68
Q

cutting a pizza

A

physical

69
Q

iron rusting in an old car

A

chemical

70
Q

A ______ _______ ________ is used
to measure body
temperature.

A

Digital Ear Thermometer

71
Q

is a measure of how hot or cold
an object is compared to
another object.
• indicates the heat flow from the
object with a higher
temperature to the object with a
lower temperature.
• is measured using a
thermometer

A

Temperature

72
Q

Temperature Scales

A

Fahrenheit (°F) and
Celsius (°C).

73
Q

The temperature difference between boiling and
freezing of water are divided into smaller units called

A

degrees

74
Q

On the Celsius scale, there are _______ between
the boiling and freezing points of water.

A

100 degrees

75
Q

On the Fahrenheit scale, there are ______
between the boiling and freezing points of water.

A

180 degrees

76
Q

Scientists have learned that the coldest temperature
possible is

A

−273 °C.

77
Q

On the Kelvin scale, this is called
______ and is represented as 0 K.

A

absolute zero

78
Q

The Kelvin scale has

A

• units called kelvins (K).
• no degree symbol in front of K to represent temperature.
• no negative temperatures.
• the same size units as Celsius: 1 K = 1 °C.

CHM020-ANACHEM (1 decks)

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