Chapter 3: Major Glands and Their Organs

Question 1

Hypothalamus (give hormone, its class, the target and its effect)

Answer 1

• Releasing and inhibiting factors
• [peptide]
• anterior pituitary gland and it modifies its activity

Question 2

Anterior Pituitary Gland–Growth Hormone (GH) (give its class and its target/effect)

Answer 2

• [peptide],

* ↑ bone & muscle growth also ↑ cell turnover rate

Question 3

Anterior Pituitary Gland–Prolactin (give its class and its target/effect)

Answer 3

• [Peptide]

* Mammary gland/milk production

Question 4

Anterior Pituitary Gland--Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH) (Give its class and its target/effect)
**A tropic hormone**

Answer 4

• [peptide]

* ↑Growth & secretory activity of adrenal cortex

Question 5

Anterior Pituitary Gland--Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) (Give its class and its target/effect)
**A tropic Hormone**

Answer 5

• [Peptide]

* Thyroid/↑ synthesis and & release of Thyroid hormone (TH)

Question 6

Anterior Pituitary Gland--Luteinizing hormone (LH) (Give its class and its target/effect)
**A gonadotropic hormone**

Answer 6

• [Peptide]

* ovary/ovulation, testes/testosterone synthesis

Question 7

Anterior Pituitary Gland--Follicular Stimulating Hormone (FSH) (Give its class and its target/effect)
**A gonadoropic hormone**

Answer 7

• [Peptide]

* ovary/follicle development, testes/spermatogenesis

Question 8

Posterior Pituitary Gland–Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH, aka vasopressin) (Give its class and its target/effect)

Answer 8

• [Peptide]

* Kidney/↑water retention

Question 9

Posterior Pituitary Gland–Oxytocin (give its class and its target/effect)

Answer 9

• [Peptide]

* Breast/milk letdown, uterus/contraction

Question 10

Thyroid–Thyroid Hormone (TH aka thyroxine) (give its class and target/effect)

Answer 10

[modified AA]
Child: needed for physical & mental development
Adult:↑ metabolic rate & temp.

Question 11

Thyroid–Calcitonin (give its class and target/effect)

Answer 11

[peptide]

• bone, kidney
• lowers serum [Ca2+]

Question 12

Parathyroid (give hormone, class, target/effect)

Answer 12

• Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
• [peptide]
• bone, kidney, small intestine
• raises serum [Ca2+]

Question 13

Thymus (give hormone, class, target/effect)

Answer 13

• Thymosin(children only)
• [peptide]
• T cell development during childhood

Question 14

Adrenal Medulla (give hormone, class, target/effect)

Answer 14

• epinephrine
• [modified AA]
• sympathetic stress response (rapid)

Question 15

Adrenal Cortex–Cortisol (“glucocorticoid”) (Give class, target/effect)

Answer 15

• [steroid]

* Longer-term stress response; ↑blood [glucose]; ↑protein catabolism; ↓ inflammation & immunity

Question 16

Adrenal Cortex–Aldosterone (“mineralcorticoid”) (Give class, target/effectI)

Answer 16

• [steroid]

* Kidney/↑ Na+ reabsorption to ↑ b.p.

Question 17

Adrenal Cortex–sex steroids (Describe them)

Answer 17

Usually not important but an adrenal tumor can overproduce these, causing masculinization or feminization

Question 18

Endocrine Pancreas–Insulin (What cell secretes it, the class, target/effect) absent or ineffective in diabetes mellitus

Answer 18

• secreted by β cells
• [peptide]
• ↓ Blood [glucose]/ ↑glucose & fat storage

Question 19

Endocrine Pancreas–Glucagon (What cell secretes it, the class, target/effect)

Answer 19

• Secreted by α cells
• [peptide]
• ↑ Blood [glucose]/ ↓glucose & fat storage

Question 20

Endocrine Pancreas–Somatostatin (What cell secretes it, class, target/effect)

Answer 20

• SS–δ cells secrete it
• [Peptide]
• inhibits many digestive processes

Question 21

Testes (Hormone, class, target/effect)

Answer 21

• testosterone
• [steroid]
• male characteristics, spermatogenesis

Question 22

Ovaries/Placenta–Estrogen (class, target/effect)

Answer 22

• [steroid]

* female characteristics, endometrial growth

Question 23

Ovaries/Placenta–Progesterone (class, target/effect)

Answer 23

• [steroid]

* endometrial secretion, pregnancy

Question 24

Heart (hormone, class, target/effect)

Answer 24

• Atrial natriuretic factor (ANF)
• [Peptide]
• kidney/↑ urination to ↓ BP

Question 25

Kidney (hormone, class, target/effect)

Answer 25

* Erythropoietin * [Peptide] * bone marrow/↑ RBC synthesis