Chapter 3 Linguistics

Question 1

Phonology

Answer 1

The study of the sound system of a language, how the sounds contrast in each language to form and integrated system of encoding language.

Question 2

allophone

Answer 2

One of a set of noncontrastive realizations of the same phoneme

Question 3

phoneme

Answer 3

A class of speech sounds identified by a native speaker as the same sound,

Question 4

free variation

Answer 4

Term used to refer to two sounds that occur in overlapping environments but cause no distinction in the meaning of their respective words

Question 5

obstruents

Answer 5

A natural class of sounds produced with an obstruction of the airflow in the oral cavity while the nasal cavity is closed out.

Question 6

assimilation

Answer 6

A process by which a sound becomes more likely a nearby sound in terms of some features.

Question 7

dissimilation

Answer 7

Process by which two nearby sounds become less alike with respect to some features

Question 8

deletion in speech production

Answer 8

A production error involving the inadvertent omission of a sound

Question 9

What sound does the vowel /i/ make?

Answer 9

/i/ makes the “e” sound

Question 10

What words have the /i/ vowel in it?

Answer 10

Be, see, eat and key

Question 11

The vowel /I/ is in which words?

Answer 11

Hid, limp, list

Question 12

The vowel /e/ is in which words?

Answer 12

Obey, locate, operate

Question 13

The vowel /ɛ/ is in which words?

Answer 13

Head, bet, ferry

Question 14

The vowel/æ/ is in which words?

Answer 14

Had, bad, hammer

Question 15

The vowel /a/ makes the “i” sound. What words is it in?

Answer 15

High, buy, sign

Question 16

The vowel /ɝ/ makes what sound?

Answer 16

Her, sir, learn

Question 17

Environment of a sound

Answer 17

The sounds that immediately precede and follow it within a word

Question 18

Sound substitution

Answer 18

A process whereby sounds that already exist in a language are used to replace sounds that do not exist in the language

Question 19

free variation

Answer 19

Term used to refer to 2 sounds that occur in overlapping environments but cause no distinction in the meaning of the word

Question 20

Frication

Answer 20

A turbulent, hissing, mouth noise that is produced by forming a nearly complete obstruction of the vocal tract

Question 21

Fricative

Answer 21

Sound made by forming a nearly complete obstruction of the airstream so that when air passes through the small passage, turbulent airflow is produced.

Question 22

Glide

Answer 22

Sounds produced with the constriction in the vocal tract that is only slightly more constricted than that of vowels

Question 23

Vowel harmony

Answer 23

A back vowel becomes front when preceded by a front vowel in the same word.

Question 24

Aspiration

Answer 24

Voiceless stops become aspirated when they occur at the beginning of a stressed syllable.

Question 25

Manner dissimilation

Answer 25

A stop becomes a fricative when followed by another stop.