Chapter 3 KEY TERMS Group 12 Flashcards
Primary Bonds
Strong bonds with electronic attractions; ionic bonds, covalent bonds, metallic bonds
Secondary Bonds
Weaker bonds than primary bonds; hydrogen bonds, van der Waals forces, London Dispersion Forces
Brittle
Hard materials that break easily when stress is applied. They break suddenly with little plastic deformation, e.g., glass.
Density
The measure of the weight of a material compared with its volume
Hardness
The resistance of a solid to penetration
Ultimate Strength
The maximum amount of stress a material can withstand without breaking
Elasticity
The ability of a material to recover its shape completely after deformation from an applied force
Elastic Deformation
Deformation of a material that recovers its original shape and size when the force is removed
Elastic Limit
The greatest stress a structure can withstand without permanent deformation
Plastic Deformation
Deformation of a material causing permanent changes in size or shape due to an applied force
Yield Stress
The stress at which plastic deformation begins; also called yield point on a stress-strain curve
Stiffness
A material’s resistance to deformation
Young’s Modulus or Elastic Modulus
Measures the resistance of a material to being deformed
Resilience
The ability of a material to absorb energy without permanent deformation
Toughness
The ability of a material to resist fracture