Chapter 3 KEY TERMS Group 12 Flashcards

1
Q

Primary Bonds

A

Strong bonds with electronic attractions; ionic bonds, covalent bonds, metallic bonds

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2
Q

Secondary Bonds

A

Weaker bonds than primary bonds; hydrogen bonds, van der Waals forces, London Dispersion Forces

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3
Q

Brittle

A

Hard materials that break easily when stress is applied. They break suddenly with little plastic deformation, e.g., glass.

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4
Q

Density

A

The measure of the weight of a material compared with its volume

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5
Q

Hardness

A

The resistance of a solid to penetration

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6
Q

Ultimate Strength

A

The maximum amount of stress a material can withstand without breaking

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7
Q

Elasticity

A

The ability of a material to recover its shape completely after deformation from an applied force

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8
Q

Elastic Deformation

A

Deformation of a material that recovers its original shape and size when the force is removed

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9
Q

Elastic Limit

A

The greatest stress a structure can withstand without permanent deformation

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10
Q

Plastic Deformation

A

Deformation of a material causing permanent changes in size or shape due to an applied force

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11
Q

Yield Stress

A

The stress at which plastic deformation begins; also called yield point on a stress-strain curve

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12
Q

Stiffness

A

A material’s resistance to deformation

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13
Q

Young’s Modulus or Elastic Modulus

A

Measures the resistance of a material to being deformed

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14
Q

Resilience

A

The ability of a material to absorb energy without permanent deformation

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15
Q

Toughness

A

The ability of a material to resist fracture

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16
Q

Ductility

A

The ability of an object to be pulled or stretched under tension without rupture

17
Q

Malleability

A

The ability to be compressed and formed into a thin sheet without rupture

18
Q

Edge Strength

A

The ability of a material to withstand fracture at a thin edge, such as at margins of a restoration

19
Q

Durability

A

The ability of a material to withstand damage due to pressure or wear

20
Q

Viscosity

A

The ability of a liquid material to resist flow

21
Q

Thixotropy

A

A characteristic of some gels and liquids that they will flow more readily under mechanical force such as mixing, stirring, or shaking.

22
Q

Direct Restorative Materials

A

Restorations placed directly into a cavity preparation

23
Q

Indirect Restorative Materials

A

Materials used to fabricate restorations outside the mouth that are subsequently placed into the mouth

24
Q

Permanent Restorations

A

Restorations expected to be long-lasting

25
Q

Temporary Restorations

A

Restorations expected to last several days or weeks

26
Q

Intermediate Restorations

A

Restorations expected to last several weeks to months

27
Q

Mixing Time

A

The amount of time allotted to bring the components of a material together into a homogenous mix

28
Q

Working Time

A

The lapse of time from the start of mixing the material until it begins to harden and is no longer workable because it has reached its initial set

29
Q

Initial Set Time

A

Coincides with the end of working time and is the time at which the material can no longer be manipulated in the mouth

30
Q

Final Set Time

A

The time needed for the reaction that begins when the material is mixed to go to completion, and the material hardens to its permanent state

31
Q

Chemical Set Materials

A

Materials that set through a timed chemical reaction with the combination of a catalyst and base

32
Q

Light-Activated Materials

A

Materials that require light in the blue wave range to initiate a reaction

33
Q

Dual Set Materials

A

Materials that polymerize either from exposure to light in the blue wave range or from a chemical reaction

34
Q

Shelf Life

A

The useful life of a material before it deteriorates or changes in quality

35
Q

Physical Properties

A

Properties that can be measured and observed

36
Q

Mechanical Properties

A

Properties that define its ability to perform in the oral environment and resist stresses and strains

37
Q

Alloy

A

A combination of two or more metals

38
Q

Dental Amalgam

A

A metal alloy containing mercury