Chapter 3: Key Terms Flashcards
Unitary governments
A way of organizing a nation so that all power resides in the central government
Federalism
A way of organizing a nation so that two levels of government have formal authority over the same land and people
Intergovernmental relations
The workings of the federal system, the entire set of interactions among national, state, and local governments
Supremacy clause
Article IV of the Constitution, which makes th Constitution, national laws, and treaties supreme over state laws when the national government is acting within its constitutional limits
Tenth Amendment
The constitutional amendment stating that “The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the states, are reserved to the states respectively, or to the people.”
McCulloch v. Maryland
An 1819 Supreme Court decision that established the supremacy of the national government over state governments
Enumerated powers
Powers of the federal government that are specifically addressed in theConstitution, for Congress, these powers are listed in Article 1, Section8,and include the powers to coin money, regulate its value, and impose taxes
Implied powers
Powers of the federal government that go beyond those enumerated in the Constitution
Elastic clause
The final paragraph Article 1, Section 8,of the Constitution, which authorizes Congress to pass all laws “necessary and proper” to carry out the enumerated powers
Gibbons v. Ogden
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Full faith and credit
A clause in Article IV, Section 1, of the Constitution requiring each state to recognize the official documents and civil judgments rendered by the courts of the other states
Extradition
A legal a process whereby an alleged criminal offender is surrendered by the officials of one state to officials of the state in which the crime is alleged to have been committed
Privileges and immunities
A clause in Article IV, Section 2, of the Constitution according citizens of each state most of the privileges of citizens of other states
Dual federalism
A system of government in which both the states and the national government remain supreme within their own spheres, each responsible for some policies
Cooperative federalism
A system of government I which power and policy assignments are shared between states and the national government
