Chapter 3 - Inheritance, Class Hierarchy, UML, OOP vs Procedural Programming

Question 1

OOP (8)

Answer 1

1. divided into objects
2. importance is given to data rather than functions because it works with real world objects
3. bottom up (design objects then interactions)
4. different specifiers are used for different levels of data protection
5. data can only move via member functions
6. public or private access specifiers are used to control data access
7. more secure because of data hiding
8. function overloading and overloading operator

Question 2

procedural programming (8)

Answer 2

1. divided into small functions
2. importance is given to procedures before data
3. top down (design functions first)
4. no access specifiers
5. data can move freely from function to function
6. global data is acceptable and freely accessible
7. no particular method for data hiding, so less secure
8. overloading is not possible

Question 3

UML private, public and protected symbol

Answer 3

private: -
public: +
protected: #

Question 4

UML function syntax

Answer 4

string getName() or getName() string are both acceptable, virtual functions are italicized

Question 5

UML interfaces

Answer 5

has strictly pure virtual functions, italicized class names, <> (not in italics) above the class name

Question 6

UML abstract functions

Answer 6

at least one pure virtual function but other functions may be defined, italicized class name

Question 7

UML inheritance (“is-a”)

Answer 7

white triangle arrowhead facing the parent class, means that every instance of one class is also an instance of the other class but not the other way around

Question 8

UML inheritance (“has-a”)

Answer 8

filled diamond arrow facing toward the class that “has” the other thing in it, means that every instance of one class is or may be associated with one or more instances of the other

Question 9

UML inner class

Answer 9

when we define a class within a class, circle with a cross through it with the circle closest to the class that contains the inner class/structure

Question 10

abstract class

Answer 10

cannot be instantiated (objects cannot be created), declares at least one abstract member function (which must be defined in its derived classes), used when a base class can define attributes and functions that are common to derived classes or when actual derived classes may have unique and shared implementations

Question 11

abstract function or pure virtual function

Answer 11

virtual function that is declared but for which no body (definition) is provided
form: virtual function-declaration = 0

Question 12

pure abstract functions

Answer 12

must be defined by derived concrete classes

Question 13

multiple inheritance

Answer 13

the ability of a class to extend more than one class, all data fields for the derived class are inherited from its base classes, constructors are called in the same order in which they are called
form: class Object_Name : public Derived_Class1, public Derived_Class2 { };

Question 14

refactoring

Answer 14

a better solution than multiple inheritance, the creation of a separate common base class, often used in object-oriented design, sanitizing your code

Question 15

namespaces

Answer 15

used to group collections of declarations into a fictional unit, nested
form: namespace name {…}

Question 16

using declaration

Answer 16

takes a name from the namespace in which it was declared and places it into the namespace where the using declaration appears
form: using namespace::name;

Question 17

using directive

Answer 17

takes all the names from a given namespace and places them into the namespace where the using directive appears
form: using namespace namespace-name;

Question 18

friend function

Answer 18

gives the functions and classes it specifies access to the private and protected members of the class in which the friend declaration appears, not transitive
form: friend function-name;
friend class class-name;

Question 19

Left hand value (l-value)

Answer 19

Must be valid memory location

Question 20

Right hand side (r-value)

Answer 20

May be function, must be the same type as l-value

Question 21

UML

Answer 21

Unified modeling language

Question 22

ADT

Answer 22

Abstract data types

Question 23

polymorphism

Answer 23

the quality of having many forms or many shapes, enables the program to determine which member function to invoke at run time

Question 24

dynamic casting

Answer 24

enables us to process objects referenced through a pointer variable of its actual type