Chapter 3 Identity and Access Management Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most common form of authentication that is most likely to be entered incorrectly?

A

A password is most likely to be entered incorrectly; the user may forget the password or may have the Caps Lock key on by accident.

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2
Q

When you purchase a new wireless access point, what should you do first?

A

When purchasing any device, you should change the default username and password as many of these are available on the internet and could be used to access your device

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3
Q

What is password history?

A

Password history determines the number of passwords you can use before you can reuse your current password. Some third-party applications or systems may call this a password reuse list

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4
Q

How can you prevent someone from reusing the same password?

A

Password history could be set up and combined with a minimum password age to prevent password reuse. If you set the minimum password age to 1 day, a user could only change their password a maximum of once per day. This would prevent them from rotating their passwords to come back to the old password.

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5
Q

Explain what a complex password requires.

A

A complex password uses three of the following: uppercase and lowercase letters, numbers, and special characters not used in programming.

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6
Q

How can you prevent a hacker from inserting a different password many times?

A

If you set up an account lockout with a low value, such as 3, the hacker needs to guess your password within three attempts, or the password is locked out and the user account is disabled

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7
Q

What type of factor authentication is a smart card?

A

A smart card is a multi-factor authentication; the card is something you have, inserting it into a card reader is something you do, and the PIN is something you know

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8
Q

How many factors is it if you have a password, PIN, and date of birth?

A

A password, PIN, and date of birth are all factors that you know; therefore, it is single-factor.

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9
Q

What is biometric authentication?

A

Biometric authentication refers to the use of a part of your body or voice for authentication-for example, your iris, retina, palm, or fingerprint

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10
Q

What authentication method can be used by two third parties that participate in a joint venture?

A

Federated services are an authentication method that can be used by two third parties; this uses SAML and extended attributes, such as an employee’s ID or email address

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11
Q

Name an XML-based authentication protocol

A

Security Assertion Mark-up Language (SAML) is an XML-based authentication protocol used with federated services.

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12
Q

What is Shibboleth?

A

Shibboleth is an open-source Federation Services protocol.

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13
Q

What protocol is used to store and search for Active Directory objects?

A

Lightweight Directory Authentication Protocol (LDAP) is used to store objects in X500 format and search Active Directory objects such as users, printers, groups, or computers.

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14
Q

What is the format of a distinguished name for a user called Fred who works in the IT department for a company with a domain called Company A that is a dotcom?

A

A distinguished name in the ITU X500 object format is cn=Fred, ou=IT, dc=Company, dc-Com.

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15
Q

What authentication factor uses tickets, timestamps, and updated sequence numbers and is used to prevent replay attacks?

A

Kerberos authentication protocol is the only one that uses tickets as well as timestamps and updated sequence numbers to prevent replay attacks. It also prevents pass-the-hash attacks as it does not use NTLM but stores the account details in an encrypted database.

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16
Q

What is a Ticket Granting Ticket (TGT) session?

A

A Ticket-Granting Ticket (TGT) session is a process by which a user logs in to an Active Directory domain using Kerberos authentication and receives a service ticket REL.

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17
Q

What is single sign-on? Give two examples.

A

Single sign-on is an authentication scheme wherein a user inserts their credentials only once and accesses different resources, such as email and files, without needing to re-enter their credentials. Examples of this are Kerberos and Federation Services.

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18
Q

How can you prevent a pass-the-hash attack?

A

Pass-the-hash attacks exploit older systems such as Microsoft NT4.0, which uses NT LAN Manager. You can prevent this by enabling Kerberos or disabling NTLM

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19
Q

Give an example of when you would use Open ID Connect.

A

You would use OpenID Connect to access a device or portal using your Facebook, Twitter, Google, or Hotmail credentials. The portal itself does not manage the account.

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20
Q

Name two AAA servers and the ports associated with them.

A

The first AAA server is RADIUS, using UDP port 1812. It is seen as non-proprietary. The second is TACACS+ and uses TCP port 49. Diameter is a more modern secure form of RADIUS that is TCP-based and uses EAP.

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21
Q

What is used for accounting in an AAA server?

A

Accounting for an AAA server pertains to documenting when someone logs in and out. This can be used for billing purposes. Accounting information is normally logged into a database such as SQL. RADIUS Accounting uses UDP port 1813.

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22
Q

What is the purpose of a VPN solution?

A

A VPN solution creates a secure connection from a remote location to your corporate network or vice versa. The most secure tunneling protocol is L2TP/IPSec.

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23
Q

Why should you never use PAP authentication?

A

PAP authentication uses a password in clear text which could be captured easily by a packet sniffer

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24
Q

What type of device is an iris scanner?

A

An iris scanner is a physical device used for biometric authentication.

25
Q

Name two possible weaknesses of facial recognition software?

A

Facial recognition could be affected by light or turning your head slightly to one side, and some older facial recognition systems erroneously accept photographs. Microsoft Windows Hello is much more secure as it uses infrared and is not fooled by a photograph or affected by light.

26
Q

What is Type II in biometric authentication and why is it a security risk?

A

Type II in biometric authentication is False Acceptance Rate, where people that are not permitted to access your network are given access.

27
Q

Name a time-limited password type.

A

Time-Based One-Time Password (TOTP) has a short time limit of 30-60 seconds.

28
Q

How many times can you use an HOTP password? Is there a time restriction associated with it?

A

HOTP is a one-time password that does not expire until it is used.

29
Q

How does a CAC differ from a smart card and who uses CAC?

A

A CAC is similar to a smart card as it uses certificates, but the CAC is used by the military and has a picture and the details of the user on the front, as well as their blood group and Geneva convention category on the reverse side.

30
Q

What is a port-based authentication that authenticates both users and devices?

A

IEE802.1x is port-based authentication that authenticates both users and devices.

31
Q

What type of account is a service account?

A

A service account is a type of administrative account that allows an application to have a higher level of privileges to run on a desktop or server. An example of this is using a service account to run an antivirus application.

32
Q

How many accounts should a system administrator for a multinational corporation have and why?

A

A system administrator should have two accounts: a user account for day-to-day tasks, and an administrative account for administrative tasks.

33
Q

What do you need to do when you purchase a baby monitor and why?

A

When you purchase a baby monitor, you should rename the default administrative account and change the default password to prevent someone from using it to hack into your home. This is known as an Internet of Things (IoT) item.

34
Q

What is a privileged account?

A

A privileged account is an account with administrative rights.

35
Q

What is the drawback for security if the company uses shared accounts?

A

When monitoring and auditing are carried out, the employees responsible cannot be traced when using shared accounts. Shared accounts should be eliminated for monitoring and auditing purposes.

36
Q

What is a default account? Is it a security risk?

A

Default accounts and passwords for devices and software can be found on the internet and used to hack your network or home devices. Ovens, TVs, baby monitors, and refrigerators are examples, and therefore pose a security risk.

37
Q

The system administrator in a multinational corporation creates a user account using an employee’s first name and last name. Why are they using the same details from each person?

A

The system administrator is using a standard naming convention.

38
Q

What two actions do you need to complete when John Smith leaves the company?

A

When John Smith leaves the company, you need to disable his account and reset the password. Deleting the account will prevent access to the data he used.

39
Q

What is account recertification?

A

Account recertification is an audit of user accounts and permissions that are usually carried out by an auditor. This is also referred to as a user account review.

40
Q

What is the purpose of a user account review?

A

A user account review ensures that old accounts have been deleted and that all current users have the appropriate access to resources and not a higher level of privilege.

41
Q

What can you implement to find out immediately when a user is placed in a group that may give them a higher level of privileges?

A

A SIEM system can carry out active monitoring and notify the administrators of any changes to user accounts or logs.

42
Q

What will be the two possible outcomes if an auditor finds any working practices that do not conform to the company policy?

A

Following an audit, either change management or a new policy will be put in place to rectify any area not conforming to company policy.

43
Q

If a contractor brings in five consultants for two months of mail server migration, how should you set up their accounts?

A

The contractor’s account should have an expiry date equal to the last day of the contract

44
Q

How can you ensure that the contractors in Question 43 can only access the company network from 9 a.m. - 5 p.m. daily?

A

Rule-based access should be adopted so that the contractors can access the company network between 9 a.m. and 5 p.m. daily

45
Q

If you have a company that has five consultants who work in different shift patterns, how can you set up their accounts so that each of them can only access the network during their individual shifts?

A

Time and day restrictions should be set up against each individual’s user account matching their shift pattern.

46
Q

A brute-force attack cracks a password using all combinations of characters and will eventually crack a password. What can you do to prevent a brute-force attack?

A

Account Lockout with a low value will prevent brute-force attacks.

47
Q

The IT team has a global group called IT Admin; each member of the IT team is a member of this group and therefore has full control access to the departmental data. Two new apprentices are joining the company and they need to have read access to the IT data. How can you achieve this with the minimum amount of administrative effort?

A

Create a group called IT apprentices, and then add the apprentices’ accounts to the group. Give the group read access to the IT data.

48
Q

You have different login details and passwords to access Airbnb, Twitter, and Facebook, but you keep getting them mixed up and have locked yourself out of these accounts from time to time. What can you implement on your Windows 10 laptop to help you?

A

The credential manager can be used to store generic and Windows 10 accounts. The user, therefore, does not have to remember the account details.

49
Q

You have moved departments, but the employees in your old department still use your old account for access; what should the company have done to prevent this from happening? What should their next action be?

A

The company should have disabled the account and reset the password. A user account review needs to be carried out to find accounts in a similar situation.

50
Q

What is the purpose of the ssh-copy-id command?

A

To copy and install the public key on the SSH server and add it to the list of authorized keys

51
Q

Describe the process of impossible time travel.

A

This is where a user logs in to a device from one location, and then they log in from another location shortly afterward, where it would be impossible to travel that distance in the time between logins

52
Q

When you log in to your Dropbox account from my phone, you get an email asking you to confirm that this was a legal login. What have you been subjected to?

A

This is known as a risky login as you have used a secondary device to log in to Dropbox.

53
Q

What is the purpose of a password vault and how secure is it?

A

A password vault is an application that stores passwords using AES-256 encryption and it is only as secure as the master key.

54
Q

What type of knowledge-based authentication would a bank normally use?

A

They would use a dynamic KBA that would ask you details about your account that are not previously stored questions.

55
Q

What is the difference between FAR and FRR?

A

FAR allows unauthorized user access, and FRR rejects authorized user access.

56
Q

What is a solution that helps protect privileged accounts?

A

Privileged Access Management is a solution the stores the privileged account in a bastion domain to help protect them from attack.

57
Q

What is the danger to households with IoT devices?

A

Some people don’t realize that there are generic accounts controlling the devices that make them vulnerable to attack.

58
Q

Why do cloud providers adopt a zero-trust model?

A

Some devices (for example, an iPad) do not belong to a domain , so every connection should be considered unsafe.

59
Q

Which authentication model gives access to a computer system even though the wrong credentials are being used?

A

Biometric authentication allows unauthorized users access to the system.