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Elective History > Chapter 3: Hitler's Germany > Flashcards

Chapter 3: Hitler's Germany Flashcards

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1
Q

The rise to power of a leader is a content concept. Describe 2 phrases to illustrate this concept.

A

(1) able to gain broad-based support

2) able to eliminate political opponents (those who are also vying for power

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2
Q

Many groups of Germans were unhappy with the signing of the TOV which left Germany, once a great nation, weakened. Name 2 groups.

A

(1) Ex-soldiers who were patriotic, nationalistic (Freikorps)
(2) Nationalists

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3
Q

The Weimar Government was associated with the signing of the armistice and the TOV. This led to the rise of Hitler and the Nazi Party because Hitler made promises. List 2 of these promises.

A

(1) Destroy the TOV
(2) Make Germany strong again
(3) strong leadership

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4
Q

What does broad-based support mean?

A

gain support from many different groups in the country and/or support from the party members

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5
Q

Article 48 gave the President of Weimar government a lot of power. What is Article 48?

A

The President of Weimar government can dissolve parliament and pass laws for 6 months in times of emergency.

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6
Q

What happen to civil liberties (freedom of speech, press, religion, assembly) when the President use the Emergency Powers?

A

Suspended

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7
Q

What is proportional representation?

A

Political parties gained seats in proportion to the number of votes cast for them.

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8
Q

In order to form a government, a party needs to get 50% votes. With proportional representation, it was difficult to do so. What is the disadvantage of this system?

A

(1) Difficult for a party to get 50% votes.
(2) Government is made up of many different parties - Coalition Government
(3) Difficulty in reaching a common decision when dealing with problems - resulted in a weak Weimar government

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9
Q

The Weimar Government’s system of proportional representation which weakened the government led to the rise of Hitler because he made promises to Germans which got him broad-based support. What did he promise the Germans?

A

(1) strong leadership

(2) strong government

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10
Q

The Weimar government was unpopular. Many groups wanted to overthrow the government. Name the 3 rebellions which occurred in Germany from 1919 to 1923.

A

(1) Jan 1919 - Communist (Spartacist) rebellion
(2) March 1920 - Nationalist rebellion (Kapp Putsch)
(3) Nov 1923 - Rebellion by the Nazi Party (Munich Putsch)

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11
Q

Why did the Weimar government use the Freikorps (ex-soldiers) to stop the communist rebellion in 1919?

A

Because the German army was restricted to 100,000 men by TOV

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12
Q

In 1923, Hitler’s plan to seized control of Munich and then marched to Berlin and overthrow the Weimar government failed. The event was significant because Nazis changed methods in trying to win the support of the people. What was the shift in Hitler’s methods?

A

From the use of street-gang violence (Munich Putsch 1923) to using legal means - contest in elections as a party

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13
Q

Hitler was arrested after the failed Munich Putsch in 1923. His trial made him a national figure. He also wrote _________ ___________.

A

Mein Kampf (My struggle)

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14
Q

The series of oppositions & rebellions (communist, nationalist and Nazi were trying to overthrow the unpopular Weimar government) created disorder. What did Hitler promise the Germans that gained him broad-based support and led to his rise to power?

A

(1) Presented himself and the Nazis as a strong government
(2) bring order to Germany
(3) remove the communists who create disorder

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15
Q

Germany had to pay reparations to the Allies. This affected its ability to rebuild its economy, weakened its economy and led to unemployment. What did Weimar government do to keep up with payment of reparations?

A

Print more money (which resulted in decrease in value of money and inflation)

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16
Q

What was the Ruhr Crisis in 1923?

A

Germany missed reparations payment to France - France occupied Ruhr and took its resources - Weimar government told businesses and workers to go on strike - printed more money to pay those who go on strikes

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17
Q

The Ruhr crisis showed the inability of the Weimar government to manage the economy, which resulted in hyperinflation, middle class Germans losing all their savings and becoming poor. How did this helped Hitler gain support?

A

Hitler promised Germans

(1) jobs
(2) strong economy

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18
Q

What is hyperinflation?

A

Government print more money - money loses its value - prices of goods increase (inflation) - e.g. what used to cost 30cents now cost $300,000.

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19
Q

1924-29 were golden years in Germany. Economy improved with the help of loans from USA. Reparations were reduced and a longer period of payment was given to Germany. What were the 2 Plans in 1924 and 1929 that made this possible?

A

1924 Dawes Plan

1929 Young Plan

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20
Q

Germany was loaned 800million marks from the USA. What did this allow Germany to do? Name 3.

A

(1) pay reparations
(2) rebuild the economy
(3) help those who were unemployed

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21
Q

USA recalled all loans to Germany as a result of the 1929 Great Depression. This led to economic depression because the coalition government cannot decide on what to do. Which 3 groups of Germans were affected?

A

(1) Big businesses - had to closed and lost profits
(2) middle class workers - unemployed because businesses closed
(3) nationalists - angry with the Weimar for taking loans from USA, part of the Big 3 who made them sign the humiliating TOV

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22
Q

How did the impact of the Great Depression (poverty, starvation and homelessness) lead to the rise of Hitler?

A

Hitler promised Germans:

1) jobs
(2) a strong economy
(3) an economy that does not depend on the West (self-sufficiency

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23
Q

List 3 important points in the Nazi Party 25 Point Programme.

A

(1) Destroy the TOV
(2) Unite all German in a Greater Germany
(3) Anti-Jew

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24
Q

Hitler was charismatic and spoke with great emotional force, addressing people’s concern at mass rallies, parades, beer halls and through radio. He was flexible in changing his promises and ideas depending on his audience. Name 3 groups of people and what he promised them.

A

(1) unemployed - jobs
(2) big businesses / industrialists / farmers - remove the communists as state control the economy and take away land under Communism
(3) Nationalists / Army - strong leader, strong government, strong Germany
(4) Aryans - create living space in Russia and Poland

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25
Q

Name the 2 groups of Germans and why they fear a Communist takeover of Germany.

A

(1) Big businesses / industrialists - fear the communists will take away their private property (businesses)
(2) farmers - fear the communists will take away their land

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26
Q

Hitler’s leadership saw him create both the SA and the SS which he used to break up Communist Party meetings and workers strikes. This created a sense of order which appealed especially to which group of Germans?

A

Big businesses / industrialists

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27
Q

Nazis were masters of propaganda. What image of Hitler did Josef Goebbels, Minister of propaganda, create for the Germans?

A

Image of a savior, strong leader.

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28
Q

Hitler was skillful in making deals with politicians. In 1933, the Nazi was the largest party but did not have the majority. Why did President Hindenburg and unpopular Chancellor von Papen make Hitler the Chancellor in a coalition government?

A

(1) they thought Hitler could control the communists
(2) they underestimated Hitler and the Nazi Party and thought they could control Hitler (Nazi Party only had 3 seats in the cabinet that makes decisions for the country)

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29
Q

In February 1933, the Reichstag building had been set on fire. A communist was arrested and charged. What did Hitler call the communists?

A

terrorists

30
Q

As a result of the Reichstag Fire, Hitler convinced President Hindenburg that he had to deal with the communist threat and protect Germany. What did President Hindenburg give Hitler?

A

Emergency Powers

Germans’ civil rights were suspended and anyone could be imprisoned and detained without trial

31
Q

How did Emergency Powers that was given to Hitler to deal with the Reichstag Fire help Hitler rise to power?

A

Eliminate his political opponent - the communists.

The communists were ban from the March 1933 elections.

32
Q

List 2 ways Hitler was able to get 2/3 majority (67%) in the parliament to pass laws during the March 1933 elections.

A

(1) ban the communists using Emergency Powers

(2) Get the support of 2 other parties - the Center Party and Nationalists

33
Q

Which Act did Hitler pass once he had 2/3 majority in 1933?

A

The Enabling Act

34
Q

What was the Enabling Act passed in 1933?

A

The Enabling Act ENABLED Hitler to have the power to pass laws without the approval of the Reichstag (parliament).

35
Q

Which law did Hitler pass using the Enabling Act?

A

Ban all political parties - Germany became a One-Party state.
Enabling Act gave Nazis supreme power - Dictatorship

36
Q

In June 1934, Ernst Röhm, leader of SA, and other leaders were arrested and shot. Rohm was charged with plotting a coup. Why was Rohm a threat to Hitler? Provide 2 reasons.

A

(1) Rohm was the leader of a powerful 4 million strong SA - SA will become more powerful if they absorbed the 100,000 men German Army
(2) SA was becoming a threat - restless because Hitler did not give them recognition for helping him rise to power
(3) SA use of violence and undisciplined nature embarrassed Hitler

37
Q

What was the event that saw Ernst Rohm, leader of SA, being arrested and shot?

A

Night of the Long Knives, June 1934.

38
Q

How did the Night of the Long Knives help Hitler consolidate his power? Provide 2 reasons.

A

(1) Nazis eliminated threats from within the Party
(2) Nazis controlled the Army who gave Hitler their support and swore an oath of allegiance to Hitler
(3) Nazis gained the support of the German public because Nazis removed SA whom they saw as gang of thugs who caused trouble.

39
Q

With the death of President Hindenberg in Aug 1934, Hitler was the Chancellor, President and Commander of Army! He had unlimited powers and there was no one powerful enough to stop him. He became the supreme leader, the ____________.

A

Fuhrer

40
Q

For a leader to maintain control means to continue to be in power, to ensure his policies will be followed & to ensure all opposition removed. What are the content concepts associated with ‘maintaining power’? List 2.

A

(1) Continue to gain support from the people
(2) Continue to eliminate those who oppose his policies or threaten this power
(3) Germans were too afraid to oppose
(4) Germans were discontented BUT afraid to oppose

41
Q

The Nazi ideology emphasized on self-sufficiency of the economy, a lesson learnt when the Allies starved Germany through a blockade during WWI. What was the New Plan in 1934?

A

(1) German industries were subsidized

(2) Stop imports from other countries

42
Q

What did Nazis start in 1935 to remilitarise Germany? These programs also provided jobs for the Germans.

A

(1) Introduced conscription for the army (by 1939, 1.4 men in army)
(2) creation of the air force (Luftwaffe)

43
Q

Hitler’s economic & social policies transformed Germany into a powerful, militaristic state. What did Goering’s 4-Year Plan (1936) for the economy focus on?

A

Industries to make war materials – weapons, equipment and uniforms to prepare for war.

44
Q

SS (Schutzstaffel) became a huge organisation. The SS-VT (Nazi personal armed force) was renamed the ______________. SS-VT played an important part in fighting during WWII.

A

Waffen SS

45
Q

Which organisation was created by the Nazis to indoctrinate youths with anti-Jews and Nazi beliefs and groomed them to be future leaders in SS and the army? This organisation also provided manpower during the WWII.

A

Hitler Youth

46
Q

What was the role of the Reich Labour Service which enabled the German economy to recover and gave Germany better infrastructure and public facilities?

A

Created jobs for the Germans through large public works such as roads, highways

47
Q

Which organisation allowed Hitler to control the economy by rebuilding and strengthening the economy?

A

Reich Labour Service

48
Q

Nazis controlled big businesses whose production of goods boosted the economy. List 2 ways big businesses / industrialists were controlled by Nazis.

A

(1) Industries that were important were subsidized and given valuable contracts
(2) Big companies made compulsory donations to Nazi Party. This funding strengthened Nazi power.

49
Q

List 2 ways in which the Nazi controlled the German workers and their movement in the workplace.

A

(1) Workers forced to join DAF (German Work Front) with harsh and restrictive laws
(2) Abolished trade unions so workers cannot ask for better work conditions, workers cannot go on strikes

50
Q

Which Nazi organisation provided highly controlled leisure activities for German workers?

A

Strength Through Joy (KdF)

51
Q

Which Nazi organisation attempted to improve working conditions for the workers?

A

Beauty of Labour

52
Q

Which Nazi organisation gave youth a sense of order, purpose and belonging? All youths aged 14-18 had to join this organisation.

A

Hitler Youth

53
Q

Nazis gave valuable contacts to big businesses that were important to Germany. Which industries had better profits as a result of this?

A

Industries producing war materials such as oil, steel, coal and explosives

54
Q

Nazis abolished trade unions. List 2 ways this benefited the big businesses.

A

(1) No fear of strikes from workers

(2) Workers cannot bargain for better working conditions such as higher wages or benefits

55
Q

Nazis social policies and the use of propaganda and censorship (of all media) made Nazi ideology popular. List 3 of Nazi ideas that were often pushed through Nazi propaganda machine.

A

(1) anti-Jews
(2) anti-communists (sometimes, Judeo-communism, meaning both anti-Jews and anti-communists - particularly referring to the Weimar politicians who signed the TOV and to USSR leaders)
(3) National unity - Greater Germany
(4) Restore pride and order in Germany
(5) Hitler as Germany’s savior

56
Q

Nazis ensured there was public display to showcase Germany’s strength. List 3 of such public display.

A

(1) mass rallies
(2) torch-lit processions
(3) public meetings
(4) marches

57
Q

Germans lost freedom of thought and expression as a result of Nazis’ censorship. List 2 ways in which Nazi censored all unacceptable information that was a threat to Nazi power.

A

(1) All media - literature, art, music, radio, film, newspapers - were banned
(2) Films must carry pro-Nazi messages
(3) Public book burning – unacceptable books

58
Q

What was women’s role in Nazi Germany?

A

Domesticated

(1) children - care for children / produce Aryan child
(2) kitchen - cook
(3) Others - farming, sports, nurses

59
Q

Hitler’s social policies - violence, intimidation and death - were a disaster for the German people as they lived in fear. Which Nazi organisation was responsible for finding and removing threats to Nazi Party & had unlimited power of arrest.

A

Gestapo - Secret Police Force

60
Q

Those who opposed the Nazis or not loyal faced torture, arrests, concentration camps or death. Which Nazi group was placed in charged of concentration camps - Nazis’ ultimate weapon against opponents?

A

SS Death’s Head Units

SS Special Purpose Troops

61
Q

Nazi believed Jewish businesses made them rich at the expense of pure Germans. What did Nazis do to Jewish businesses to destroy them financially from 1933-1934?

A

(1) boycott Jewish businesses (Apr 1933)

2) Destruction of Jewish businesses / properties / jobs (1934

62
Q

What is the Night of the Broken Glass, 1938?

A

Campaign of Terror against the Jews - Destruction of shops, homes, synagogues, mass arrests, deaths, concentration camps

63
Q

How did the Nuremburg Laws in 1935 further discriminated the Jews?

A

(1) Jews no longer part of German society

(2) Jews no longer German citizens

64
Q

Jews were put into concentration camps starting with Poland in 1939. When Germany invaded USSR in 1941, they carried out mass murder of Jews in USSR and Eastern Europe. Eventually deciding on the total elimination of the Jews as a race. This was known as the ____________ which saw 1.5 million Jews murdered.

A

Holocaust or Final Solution

65
Q

All Jews suffered discrimination and had to wear the ______ ___ ________ to differentiate them from the pure Aryans.

A

Star of David

66
Q

Other than the Jews, which other minority groups were discriminated, persecuted and subjected to medical experiments, gassed and executed?

A

Gypsies, homosexuals, handicapped, disabled

67
Q

The persecution of the Jews & minorities created a negative impact on Germany. List 2.

A

(1) Educated Jews left Germany (intellectuals, skilled professionals, scientists, etc)
(2) Shortage of manpower in the industries during the war

68
Q

What did Stresemann introduce to end hyperinflation?

A

Introduced new currency Rentenmark

69
Q

Why did Great Depression affect Germany so badly?

A

They were heavily reliant on American loans. When these were recalled, their economy was ruined.

70
Q

Why did Gustav stresemann commented in 1929 ‘The German economy is doing well only on the surface. Germany is in fact dancing on a volcano’?

A

If the short-term loans are called in by America, the economy will collapse

Elective History (9 decks)

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