Chapter 3: Hardware and Software Flashcards
What is hardware
Hardware is the physical components of your PC
Examples of Hardware
Monitors cpu Printers mice webcams
example input devices
Keyboard
mouse
Switches
Buttons
examples output devices
Monitors
led lights
printers
speakers
What is an input devices
A input device is a device that takes a set of digital inputs and feeds it to a computer
What is an output devices
A output devices takes a set of inputs and creates an output
Name three sensors
Sound sensor Heat sensor Light level sensor distance sensor moisture sensor
what does a not gate look like?
what does a And gate look like
what does a or gate look like
what does a nand gate look like
what does nor gate look like
what does xor gate look like
What is a CPU and what is its role?
CPU (central processing unit) is responsible for processing all the instructions and data in a computer application
What are the features of von Neumann architecture?
» the concept of a central processing unit (CPU or processor)
» the CPU was able to access the memory directly
» computer memories could store programs as well as data
» stored programs were made up of instructions which could be executed in sequential order.
What is this logic gate symbol?
AND
Is this a NOR or a XOR symbol?
NOR
examples of high level programming languages
Scratch, python JS, J
Examples of low levels language
Binary, assembly language
advantages and disadvantages of low level languages
advantages disadvantages
You can make use of specific a chip .long and hard to understand
uses less space cant be modified after its written
advantages and disadvantages of high level languages
Easier to read . uses more space
you can debug and rewrite a program easily .needs a compiler
What are Translators
A program must be translated into binary for a computer to understand. this is done using translators.
What are compilers
A Compiler is a program that translates high-level language to machine code so it can execute its task.
What are interpreters
It is a program that reads a statement from a script and performed the action specified, then moves on to the following line.
What are 3 features of system software?
- A set of programs to control and manage the operation of computer hardware
- Provides a platform on which other software can run
- Controls the allocation and usage of hardware resources.
What are 3 features of application software?
- Allows a user to perform specific tasks using the computer’s resources
- may be a single program (for example, NotePad) or a suite of programs (for
example, Microsoft Office) - user can execute the software as and when they require.
Explain what CLI means
Command Line Interface - when a user types commands for the computer to carry out operations
Explain what GUI means
Graphical User Interface - allows user to interact with the computer using pictures and icons, rather than typing commands
What are some functions of a typical operating system?
- Human Computer Interface (HCI)
- Platform for running of application software
- Management of user accounts
- Managing files
- Security (manages login, password)
What is ‘memory management’?
- manages the primary storage (RAM) and allows data to be moved between RAM and HDD/SSD
- Carries out memory protection to ensure that no two applications are using the same memory location
What is ‘security management’?
OS ensures the integrity, confidentiality and availability of data, such as:
- carrying out OS updates
- anti-virus software
- communicating with firewalls
- offering the ability of recovery of data
Give 3 examples of utility software
- Anti-virus software
- File compression and file management
- Back-up software
Is ‘defragmentation software’ a utility programme?
Yes - defragmentation software is used for a HDDs
