Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Computer Science > Chapter 3 Hardware > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Hardware Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is the role of the CPU

A

to fetch, decode, and execute instructions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the 4 main hardware components:

A

1) Input Devices
2) CPU
3)Primary Memory
4) Secondary Memory
5) Output Devices

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is Von Neumann Architecture

A

storing data and instructions and data in the same memory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the 2 main components of a CPU

A

1) Control Unit (CU)
2) Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the role of the ALU

A

to perform calculations needed to execute instructions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are registers

A

Small memory locations within the CPU

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the role of the Control Unit

A

sends control signals to different components instructing them what to do.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the role of an Accumulator?

A

Temporarily stores the results of the calculations performed by the ALU

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the role of the Program Counter

A

Stores the address of the next instruction to be fetched from the main memory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the role of the Memory Address Register

A

Stores the address of the instructions/data to be fetched from or written to memory.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the role of the Memory Data Register

A

stores data that has been fetched from memory or being written to memory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What happens to the data sent from the MDR

A

data is sent to the ALU to be executed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the role of the Current Instruction Register

A

Holds the instruction the CPU is currently decoding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is a microprocessor

A

Compact way of processing data and can be used in a wide range of electronic devices

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the 3 types of busses

A

1) Data Bus
2) Control Bus
3) Address Bus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the role of the Data Bus

A

to transmit data from the CPU to the memory (bi-directional)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the role of the Control Bus

A

to transfer control signals from the Control Unit to other components in the computer system (Unidirectional)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the role of the Address Bus

A

Transfer addresses from the CPU to main memory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What happens in the Fetch, Decode, and Execute Cycle

A

1) Program counter checks for the address of the next instruction to be executed.
2) The contents of the Program Counter are copied into the Memory Address Register.
3) The control unit sends a memory read request through the control bus to the main memory.
4) Address is sent down the address bus into the main memory
5) Contents of main memory are sent down to Memory Data Register by the data bus.
6) Contents of the Memory Data Register are copied onto the Current Instruction Register.
7) Instructions in the Current Instruction Register are decoded.
8) The instruction is executed by the ALU and then the end result is stored in the accumulator.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What does one core do

A

runs a separate fetch, decode, and execute cycles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is clockspeed

A

how many instructions the core can execute each second.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is cache

A

small amount of memory situated within the CPU

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What happens if you increase the amount of cache

A

allows more data to be stored and accessed faster that if it was in ram, causing the performance of the CPU to improve.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is RAM (Random Access Memory)

A

Memory unit where data is currently in use and programs which are running and stored

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is an instruction set

A

a list of instructions that can only be executed by the CPU

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is an embedded system

A

Computer system with one function of limited specific functions built within a larger mechanical device

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What are 2 types of embedded systems

A

1) microcontrollers
2) microprocessors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What is a microprocessor

A

integrated circuit only having ONE CPU on the chip

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What is the purpose of embedded systems

A

to control the device and allow a user to interact with it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

what are microcontrollers

A

where the memory and CPU are built in the same chip

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What are the advantages of embedded systems (5 points)

A

1) low power consumption
2) small physical size
3) lost cost to manufacturer
4) controlled remotely
5) can operate in real time and respond to inputs quickly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What are input devices

A

hardware components that allow the user to interact with the computer system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

How does a microphone work

A

vibrations from the sound are converted into electrical signals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

How does a keyboard work

A

When a key is pressed, the peg underneath contacts with the conducting membrane. Each electrical signal transmits a unique code.

35
Q

How does a digital camera work

A

once light enters the camera, the image sensor causes it to split it into millions of pixels. Each pixel has a different measure of light intensity which is then converted into binary.

36
Q

How does a barcode scanner work

A

Shines a red laser at the barcode, the different amounts of light reflected back are converted into binary

37
Q

How does an optical mouse work

A

uses a laser to detect movement, this is replicated and interpreted on a virtual cursor on a screen

38
Q

How does a QR Code work

A

Piece of software converts the squares into binary data

39
Q

What is primary storage

A

storage that is directly accessible by the CPU

40
Q

What is the job of RAM

A

stores data, instructions and software

41
Q

What are 2 features of RAM

A

1) Volatile (data is deleted once the computer turns off.
2) Has faster read/write speeds that secondary storage

42
Q

What is Cache

A

stores frequently used data

43
Q

What are 2 features of Cache

A

1) Faster read/write speeds than RAM
2) Volatile

44
Q

What happens when increasing amount of Cache you have

A

store more frequently used data and improves the performance of your computer

45
Q

What is ROM

A

Stores the computers boot-up sequence

46
Q

What are 2 features of ROM

A

1) Non-volatile
2) Cannot be changed

47
Q

What is Secondary Storage

A

used for a permanent store of data, which is not directly accessible by the CPU

48
Q

What are the 3 types of Secondary Storage

A

1) Magnetic
2) Solid State Drive
3) Optical

49
Q

How does Magnetic secondary storage work

A

Hard drive spins at a fast speed. The read or write arm is controlled by an actuator, then electromagnets are used to read/write the data.

50
Q

How does the solid state drive work

A

Uses NAND and Nor gates in the electrical circuits that control the flow of electrons.

51
Q

How does optical secondary storage work

A

a laser is shined, there are pits and lands, once the laser hits a pit or land, the reflected light is not reflected back as well, and this shows a change in binary value

52
Q

What is virtual memory

A

where secondary storage acts as RAM when the RAM is full.

53
Q

Why is virtual memory important

A

stops the computer from crashing once the RAM is full

54
Q

What is Page switching

A

when the operating system moves data into the CPU needs into the RAM, while sending unimportant data into a virtual memory in order to create space.

55
Q

What is cloud storage

A

storing data on remote servers that can be accessed by the CPU

56
Q

What are the 3 types of Cloud Storage

A

1) Public
2) Private
3) Hybrid

57
Q

What is public cloud storage

A

Where the customer and the provider are different entitie

58
Q

What is private cloud storage

A

storage provided to a dedicated environment and firewall

59
Q

What is Hybrid cloud storage

A

Where less unimportant data are stored in public storage providers, while more important data are stored privately

60
Q

What are output devices

A

shows the results of the processing in a way humans can understand

61
Q

What is the role of an actuator

A

converts digital signals into real world movements

62
Q

LCD 3 Features (Projectors)

A
  • sharper image than DLP
  • uses less power and generates less heat
  • quieter running
63
Q

DLP 3 Features (Projectors)

A
  • high contrast ratios
  • smaller and lighter
  • suited for dusty atmosphers
64
Q

LED Screens 3 features

A
  • does not need backlight
  • better image quality and life span
  • consumes very little power
65
Q

LCD Screens 3 features

A
  • requires back lighting
  • low power consumption
  • does not have burn/ flicker issues
66
Q

Inkjet Printers 3 features

A
  • has a print head that moves across the page.
  • produces high quality hard copies of digital images/documents
67
Q

Laser printers 3 features

A
  • very fast when making multiple copies of a document
  • low running cost per page
  • used in business/education settings
68
Q

What is the role of speakers

A

used to take digital sounds, and output as sound waves

69
Q

what are sensors

A

measure a physical property of their environent

70
Q

What does a network interface card (NIC) do

A
  • converts data to be sent into signals that can be sent across a transmission medium
71
Q

What is a NIC

A

internal physical component that allows devices to connect to the internet

72
Q

What is a MAC address

A

used to identify a device on a network

73
Q

What is a router

A

analyses data packets and directs them on to their destination

74
Q

What does a router do

A

sends data to a specific destination on a network

75
Q

what is a header

A

holds important info like ip address

76
Q

What is a payload

A

actual data being sent

77
Q

What is a hop

A

data passes through multiple routers

78
Q

How does a Router receives data packets

A

1) When the data packet comes into your LAN from the internet, the router checks the packet header.
2) the router then forwards the packet to the specific device.

79
Q

How does the router sends packets

A

1)When a device on the LAN sends data, the router reads the packet header to find the IP address
2) the router forwards the packet to the destination, through multiple routers

80
Q

What are IP Addresses

A

unique numbers that are assigned to devices connected to the internet

81
Q

What do IP Addresses do

A

allows data to be sent and received between devices

82
Q

Features of a MAC address

A
  • permanently assigned to a NIC (Cannot be changed)
  • written in HEX
  • used to identify a device on a LAN
83
Q

Features of an IP Address

A
  • used to identify a device on a network (can be changed)
  • written in denary
  • used to identify a device on a WAN

Computer Science (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions