Chapter 3: Genes and Behavior

Question 1

chromatin

Answer 1

combination of DNA and proteins that form chromosomes

Question 2

histones

Answer 2

-chief protein component of chromatin, acts as spool around which DNA winds

Question 3

exons

Answer 3

coding regions-made into mRNA

Question 4

introns

Answer 4

non-coding regions
-removed during splicing (comes after transcription) to select for correct genes. translation has start and stop proteins to further selection

Question 5

genes to proteins

Answer 5

1. transcription (DNA to mRNA)
   - base pairs RNA match up with DNA (thymine replaced with Uracil)
2. Translation (mRNA to protein)

Question 6

Epigenetics

Answer 6

way for non-DNA processes to be passed on to children

Question 7

acetylation

Answer 7

part of epigenetics

-acetyl groups bind to histones and unravel DNA, making transcription possible

Question 8

methylation

Answer 8

part of epigenetics

-methyl groups bind to DNA and promote condensed chromatin (opposite process of acetylation)

Question 9

diploid

Answer 9

pair of chromosomes (totals 46)

Question 10

haploid

Answer 10

1 pair (23 chromosomes)

Question 11

homozygote

Answer 11

2 copies of same allele

Question 12

heterozygote

Answer 12

2 different alleles

Question 13

concordance

Answer 13

occurrence of a trait in two people

Question 14

monozygotic

Answer 14

identical twins, 100% similar genetic material

Question 15

dizygotic

Answer 15

50% similar genetic material

Question 16

PKU

Answer 16

phenylalanine converts to tyrosine, some people have a mutated gene where they cant convert it. high levels can cause mental retardation, hence people have to avoid foods with phenylalanine